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FIrst Aid Rapid Review > Renal/Genitourinary > Flashcards

Renal/Genitourinary Flashcards

1
Q

Renal tubular acidosis associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

A

Type 1 (distal) RTA

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2
Q

Renal tubular acidosis associated with abnoral HCO3- reabsorption and rickets

A

Type 2 (proximal) RTA

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3
Q

Renal tubular acidosis associated with low aldosterone state

A

Type 4 (distal) RTA

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4
Q

Treatment of hypernatremia

A

Normal saline if vital signs are unstable.

Otherwise, D5 water or half-normal saline to replace free water loss

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5
Q

Differential diagnosis of hypotonic hypervolemic hyponatemia

A 
Cirrhosis
CHF
Nephrotic syndrome
Acute kidney injury
Chronic kidney disease
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6
Q

Chvostek and Trousseau signs

A

Hypocalcemia

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7
Q

The most common 2 causes of hypercalcemia

A

Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism

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8
Q

T-wave flattening and U waves

A

Hypokalemia

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9
Q

Peaked T waves and widened QRS

A

Hyperkalemia

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10
Q

Treatment of hyperkalemia

A 
C BIG K:
Calcium gluconate
Bicarb
Insulin
Glucose
Kayexelate
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11
Q

First-line treatment for moderate hypercalcemia

A

IV hydration

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12
Q

Type of AKI in a patient with Fe_Na <1%

A

Prerenal

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13
Q

A 49-year-old man presents with acute-onset flank pain and hematuria

A

Nephrolithiasis

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14
Q

The most common type of nephrolithiasis

A

Calcium oxalate

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15
Q

Test of choice for nephrolithiasis

A

Noncontrast CT

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16
Q

Ultrasonography shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?

A

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

Associated with cerebral berry aneurysm

17
Q

Hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria

A

Nephritic syndrome

18
Q

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, and edema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

19
Q

The most common form of nephrotic syndrome in adults

A

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

20
Q

Nephritic syndrome presenting 3 days after URI with a normal C3

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger disease)

21
Q

Palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain

A

Henoch-Schonlein purpura

22
Q

Glomerulonephritis with deafness

A

Alport syndrome

23
Q

Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis

A

Granulomatosis with polyangitis or Goodpasture syndrome

24
Q

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment

A

Glomerulonephritis / nephritic syndrome

25
Q

Eosinophils in urine sediment

A

Allergic interstitial nephritis

26
Q

Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria)

A

Nephrotic syndrome

27
Q

Muddy brown casts

A

Acute tubular necrosis

28
Q

Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and a pericardial friction rub

A

Uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure

29
Q

A 55-year-oldman is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment options?

A

Wait, surgical resection, radiation therapy, and/or androgen suppression.

30
Q

Hematuria in a 50-year-old smoker

A

Bladder cancer

31
Q

Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

32
Q

Testicular cancer associated with beta-hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma

33
Q

The most common type of testicular cancer

A

Seminoma (a type of germ cell tumor)

34
Q

The most common histology of bladder cancer

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

35
Q

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

36
Q

Salicylate ingestion occurs in what type of acid-base disorder?

A

Anion gap acidosis plus primary respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation

37
Q

Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women

A

Respiratory alkalosis

38
Q

A 55-year-old man presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Treatment options?

A

Probably BPH. Options include no treatment, terazosin, finasteride, or surgical intervention (TURP).

FIrst Aid Rapid Review (17 decks)

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