Endocrinology Flashcards
Most common cause of hypothyroidism
Hashimoto thyroiditis
Lab findings in Hashimoto thyroiditis
High TSH, low T4, antibodies against thyroid peroxidase (TPO)
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreases TSH
Graves disease
Most common cause of Cushing syndrome? Second most common?
Most common: Iatrogenic corticosteroid administration
Second most common: Cushing disease (ACTH-releasing pituitary adenoma)
Post-thyroidectomy patient presents with hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia
Iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism
“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones”
Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
Hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis
Primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn syndrome, due to bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or an adrenal adenoma)
Patient presents with tachycardia, wild BP swings, headache, diaphoresis, AMS, and a sense of panic
Pheochromocytoma
Which should be used first in treating pheochromocytoma, alpha-blockers or beta-blockers?
Alpha-blockers (phenoxybenzamine)
Patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine
Nephrogenic DI
Treatment of central DI
DDAVP (Desmopressin) and free-water restriction
A post-operative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH due to stress
An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis
Metformin
Patient presents with weakness, N/V, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatermia and hyperkalemia. Diagnosis? Treatment?
Diagnosis: Primary adrenal insufficicency (Addison disease)
Treatment: Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, IV fluids
Goal hemoglobin A1C in patients with DM
<7.0%
