selected avocation, professional sports, and occupations Flashcards
what is the principal risk of avocation and occupational risks?
accidental death
what should be included in the u/w assesment of avocational risks?
- trainning requirement
- health/age/physical requirement
- equipement requirement
- level of expertise
- frequency
- location
- impact of multiple avocations and hazardous acitivites
- mortality rates and causes.
what is the most common rating used in assesing the extra-premiums risks associated with avocation and occupations
flat extras - the risl doesnt change with age or gender of the insurere.
what sources are available to an u.w when gathering informaiton regarding avocations?
- application
- acovation supplement/questionnaire
- inspection report
- underwriting manual
- internet, specialty publications, government databases, trade journals, other
- APS
- information from the producer/agent
what are the 3 types of diving?
- snorkeling
- free diving
- scuba diving
what is free diving?
no compressed air
can swim upto 100 feet deep (master certification)
can involve weights and go upto 230 feet deep
>not very comon
what is scuba diving?
involves use of specialized equipement to help remain submerged for a long time.
> comon
what is firm figured of scuba diving difficult to come accross?
records are kept voluntary and no single governing body for the sport.
why is it dificult to asses a certified scuba diver and linked fatalities
- some dive uncertified
- some are certified but never dive
- some hold as many as 25 certificates, which results statistically as 25 divers.
there are many training program facilities to train scuba diving. What organizations run the training center in north america
- PADI- trains 2/3 divers
- NAUI
- YMCA
- HSA
- international association of nitrox and technical divers.
what are the most common cerftificates held by amature recreational divers
- student driver
- open water diver
- advanced open water diver.
what are the general physical requirements for divers? (as they do vary between organizations)
swim 200 yards open eyes underwater, hold breath float for 10 mins and swim underwater for 15 yards
what is the DAN and its purpose?
an international organization dedicated to keeping diving safety records (accidents and fatalities)
when do the majority of fatal diving accidents take place?
during recreational dives for pleasure purposes.
what is decompression accidents?
when divers come up to the surface from a deep dive too quickly. the air saturates the body under the pressure, during ascent air can suddenly erupt and expand explosively causing gas embolisms and pulmonary pneumothorax
what is nitrogen narcosis?
when divers dive too deeply and stay down too long, the nitrogen, and carbon dioxide have toxic effects, and cause hallucinations (the divers take off their masks and drown)
what is a rec-tech diver
?
divers who descend to depths beyond their technical tranning, they have poorer scuba safety records.
what are the most common chronic health disorders or habits present in people who die diving?
- smoking
- HTN/heart disease
- diabetes
- allergies
- asthma
what are additional common chronic health disorders that contraindicate diving?
- anemia
- stroke
- depression
- epilepsy
- obesity
- valvular heart disease
what are the 3 most common acute health conditions found in people who die diving?
- recent alcohol/drug use
- recent orthopaedic injury
- hangover and seasickness
what are some causes of death in terms of drowning during scuba diving?
drowning (60% of fatalities) >eg running out of compressed air, entranglement air embolism narcosis panic*
Name 8 major organizations operating on a national level to organize automotive racing?
- ARCA
- CASCAR
- IRL
- IMSA
- NASCAR
- NHRA
- SCCA* larges number of partidipants
- USAC
name the 12 categories of automotive raving
- single-seater racing
- touring car racing
- production car racing
- one-make, or single marque championships
- stock car racing
- rallying or rally racing
- targa
- drag
- sports car
- off-road racing
- kart racing
- historical racing
mortality rates for auto racing are influenced by what factors?
- speed.
- vehicle design and safety features
- fuel type
- driver experience, age and health,
- track and track conditions.
What is the most common cause of death in automotive racing?
collision with another racing participant or track structure.
What percent of reported motorcycle accident results in injury or death?
80% (compared to the 20% in automotive)
what are sanctioning organizations for motorcycle rating?
FIM (98% of the national associations).
AMA
wha are the 2 broad categories of events with several subgroups of racing?
tarmac (asphalt)
off road
what are the the 5 types of tarmac raving?
- road racing, (circuits)
- grand prix (3 classes categories by engine size)
- supersport and superbike racing
- endurance racing
- drag racing and sprints
what are the 8 types of off road racing?
- motorcross (MX)
- supercross (SX)
- enduro and cross-country
- hare scramble
- freestyle motorcross competition
- cross country events
- track racing
- hill climbing
what affects mortality rates of motorcycle sport?
- speed
- engine size
- driver age/ experience and health
- amateur or professional status
- frequency of participation
what should an u/w be aware of in terms of motorcycle sport risks?
limits, abilities, and maturity of participants.
what is skydiving or parachuting?
defined as a sport utilizing a canopy that slows the descent of an individual who has jumped from a plan, a tall structure, or a natural formation.
What is B.A.S.E jumping?
is parachute jumping from natural formations or artificial structures. ( BASE stands for, Building, antenna, Span, and earth. ) its more dangerous d/t lower landing sites.
whwat are the major sanctioning body for parachuting in the ys and in canada? (2 different ones)
- US = USPA
2. CAN = CSPA
there are 400 training centers in the US and 55 in CAN. How are sky divers trained?
- class room techniques
- tandem trainning-
- static line training
- instructor assisted deployment
- accelerated free fall
- vertical wind tunnel trainning.
what organizations provide support to older jumpers (as it is more commen for males under 49)
- POPS
- SOS
- JOS
how many people skydive in the US every year? and how many fatalities?
300K.
18 fatalities,
how many deaths are there per yeal?
1 per 1000 dedication participants.
what is the major cause of mortality during sky diving?
poor judgement, inadequate equipment, preperation and maintenance.
what are the major causes of fatality and their stats?
- collisions (11%)
- improper landing technique (35%)
- parachute not deployed or deployed to early (6%)
what is hang glidding?
a non-motorized foot-launched wing with a rigid frame.
- faster and more distance
what is a paraglider?
non-motorized foot-launched inflatable wing that maintains its shape through air pressure alone.
-slower, tight turns, will stay aloft in lighter wind/updraft conditionts
what are some physical requirements for a hang glidder?
lift and balance the 45-70 lbs glider,
run down a slop with it at a moderate to fast jogging speed.
how are desginations for paragliding and glidding issued?
thorugh completion of classroom instruction, supervised flights, accumulated airtime, written examnintation and flight tests.
what are the mortality stats of hang glidding?
8-11 fatalities per year, in US and CAN. 1 per 1000 participants.
what is the most frequent mishap experienced by hang glider pilots?
collisions with tress, power lines, and other structures. most dangerous phase of flight is landing.
what is the mortality stats of paragliding?
4 per year, 1.37 per 100 participants.
what is the most frequent cause of paragliding accidents?
flying too close to the ground and collision. power lines are killers.
what are the 5 levels of mountain climbing?
- trail hiking
- rock climbing
- ice climbing
- buildering
- mountaineering
what are the 9 categories of rock climing?
- top roping
- rappelling
- bouldering
- traditional climbing
- sport climbing
- aid climbing
- big-wall climbing
- free climbing
- free soloing.
is there a sanctioning body for north american mountrain climbing?
no, there are many schools, cliubs, and guice companies.
what are the mortality statistics of mountain climbing?
26 fatalities in US
6 fatallities in CAN
the most immediate cause of death is a slip, or fall- or icefall and rockslide. What are the most common contributory causes of death?
- climbing without safety rope
- climber exceeds his or her ability
- inadequate equipment or clothing
- inadequate or no use of fall protection hardware.
where do most mountain climbing accidents occur (geographically?)
US : pacific northwest, northern atlantic region, california, and colorado.
CAN: alberta and BC
what is heli-skiing?
extreame skiing, involves being dropped at or near the top of a mountain by helicopter.
what should an u/w ask in terms of assessing an heli-skiier?
location of activity, extent of the trip.
the main risk is the avalanche during decent of the mountain
what is cat skiing?
back-country, to remote locations by snowcat (for the private skiier)
who are normaly killed in the 11 avalanches (Average) per year?
young makes, in twenties, during country skiing adventures.
when are avalanches common to occur?
- occur when weather is good and skies are clear
- triggers by victims or members of same party
- start at or above tree line
what is the cause of death (in known cases) during an avalanche?
68% asphyxiate
32% trauma
what are 4 contributing factors to avalanche accidents?
- lack of trip peperation
- failure to gather snow stability informaiton before travelling
- poor preperation for search an rescue options
- human factors- not travelling in groups, thrill seekers,
what is the main concern for professional sport athletes?
behaviours- drug use, alcohol, and violence.
athletes have an overall mortality rate of 86%, compared to standard 100%. what are com reasons?
- more violent deaths, (auto accidents, drowning, homicides)
- death races
- most deaths occur off scene.
what are some precautions insurance companies will take when offering coverage to pro-athletes?
- limit amount of coverage
- bar pro athletes from the preferred class,
- seek reinsurance support
how do insurance companies account for coverage on team’s?
- limit amount of insurance available to any single athlete
- limiting aggregated amount of insurance available to any single team
- setting up special reinsurance arrangements, which protect against claims in excess of certain size.
the occupational mortality hazard is related to what 6 factors?
- special job requirements and skill
- environment and environmental exposure2
- equipment and tools
- materials
- physical requirements.
- location
how are occupations typically rated?
with a flat extra`
what sources of information for occupational risks are available for the underwriter?
- application
- inspection
- APS
- u/w mannual
- informaiton from producer/agent
- internet, specialty publications, government data bases, trade journal
what criteria is used to determine the mortality risk for military personal?
- degree of exposure to wartime activities
- degree of foreign risk
- hazardous job/accidental risk
- health problems.
that are the fatality stats regarding the military personal per 100K serving in 2003-2008?
- accident 34
- hostile action 37
- homicide 2
- illness 15
- self-inflicted 12
Canada has incurred a disproportionate number of deaths in afganistan compared to other countries on the basis of casualty rate per 1K troupes. What is its rate compared to US?
3x higher
what are the top 3 most common job accidents leading to death in the US?
- vehicular accidents
- employees struck by a falling object
- assaults and violence
what are the top 3 causes of occupational death in canada?
- exposure to harmful substance
- vehicular accidents
- employees struck by a falling object
are males or females more likely to be killed on the job?
males
females who die on the job are more likely to die from what?
homicide
what are the 3 most hazardous occupations in the us?
- fishermen
- pilots
- logging
what are the 3 most hazordous occupations in CAN?
- mining and quarrying and oil wells
- logging and forestry
- fishing and trapping.
