Seizures

Question 1

Without impairment of consciousness or awareness

Answer 1

Simple partial

Question 2

Dyscognitive. LOC

Answer 2

Complex partial

Question 3

Complex partial and simple partial are

Answer 3

Focal seizures

Question 4

Myoclonic, tonic clonic, absence, atonic, tonic, clonic

Answer 4

Generalized seizures

Question 5

Absence seizures lack

Answer 5

Post-ictal confusion

Question 6

Hipsarrythmia, spasms, psychomotor developmental arrest

Answer 6

Infantile spasm

Question 7

Treat with ACTH, pyridoxine, ketogenic diet

Answer 7

Infantile spasm

Question 8

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, juvenile absence epilepsy

Answer 8

Teenager > adults

Question 9

AED ____________ efficacy of contraceptives

Answer 9

Lower

Question 10

Topiramate associated with

Answer 10

Weight loss

Question 11

Seizure frequency increase during certain phases of menstrual cycle

Answer 11

Catamenial epilepsy

Question 12

Estrogen ____________ seizure threshold

Answer 12

Lowers

Question 13

At least 5 minutes of ictal activity

Answer 13

Status

Question 14

Wellbutrin, tramadol, pseudoephedrine, and levaquine

Answer 14

Drugs that lower seizure threshold

Question 15

MAP-ICP =

Answer 15

CPP

Question 16

CPP > ______ causes better neurological outcomes

Answer 16

60

Question 17

Htn, bradycardia, irregular respirations

Answer 17

Cushing’s triad

Question 18

Drainage of CSF to decrease ICP

Answer 18

Ventriculostomy

Question 19

Mass of frontal and or parietal lobes shifts brainstem inferiorly through tentorial incisura

Answer 19

Transtentorial herniation

Question 20

Diencephalon is injured and pituitary stalk may be sheared, resulting in diabetes insipidus. PCAs may be trapped along incisura leading to cortical blindness from occipital stroke

Answer 20

Transtentorial herniation

Question 21

Rapidly expanding intracranial mass of middle cranial fossa/temporal lobe pushing uncus and hippocampal gyrus over edge of tentorium

Answer 21

Uncal herniation

Question 22

Compresses CN 3, midbrain, and PCA

Answer 22

Uncal herniation

Question 23

UL pupil dilation ipsilateral, sluggish response to light reflex, contralateral babinski

Answer 23

Uncal herniation

Question 24

Chronic mass of frontal and parietal lobes. Shift of brainstem inferiorly through tentorial incisura

Answer 24

Transtentorial herniation

Question 25

Duret hemorrhage in pons

Answer 25

Transtentorial herniation

Question 26

Alternating apnea and tachypnea

Answer 26

Cheyne-Stokes

Question 27

Generalized increase in ICP causes cerebellar tonsils to herniate through foramen magnum compressing brainstem > Rapid death

Answer 27

Tonsillar herniation

Question 28

Glial cells have ____________ lineage

Answer 28

Astrocyte

Question 29

Arise from arachnoid capillary cells

Answer 29

Meningioma

Question 30

Intracranial abscess gets there via ____________ spread

Answer 30

Hematogenous

Question 31

________ most common source of hematogenous spread of brain abscess

Answer 31

Chest

Question 32

Abscess adults >

Answer 32

Streptococcus

Question 33

Abscess infants >

Answer 33

Citrobacter

Question 34

Hyperdense on CT with surrounding edema

Answer 34

Hemorrhagic stroke

Question 35

Hypodense on CT

Answer 35

Ischemic stroke

Question 36

Biconvex or lens shaped

Answer 36

Epidural

Question 37

Collection of blood between skull and dura mater

Answer 37

Epidural

Question 38

Blood between dura and arachnoid mater

Answer 38

Subdural

Question 39

Chronic H/As, dizziness, depression, mood swings, disruption of sleep/wake cycle, cognitive deficits

Answer 39

Postconcussion syndrome

Question 40

CN injury 1, 2, and 6. Placement of NG tube intracranially.

Answer 40

Skull base fracture

Question 41

CN injury 7 and 8

Answer 41

Temporal bone injury

Question 42

Suspected aneurysmal SAH, suspected meningitis

Answer 42

Indication for LP

Question 43

Symptoms worse at end of day

Answer 43

MS

Question 44

Fluctuating weakness of extraocular, oropharyngeal, axial, and limb muscle weakness. Fatigable weakness and diurnal variation

Answer 44

MS

Question 45

Normal reflexes and sensory exam

Answer 45

MS

Question 46

Plays a role in clustering AchR's.

Answer 46

Anti-muscle specific tyrosine kinase

Question 47

Seen in generalized MG.

Answer 47

Anti-muscle specific tyrosine kinase

Question 48

First antibody discovered in MG. Very highly associated with thymoma

Answer 48

Anti-striated muscle antibody