Seizures Flashcards
What is the term for recurrent unprovoked seizures?
Epilepsy
Causes of seizures?
- drug noncompliance
- metabolic disorders
- CNS infection
- head trauma
- sleep deprivation
- brain tumors/lesions
- toxins (drugs, metal poisoning, etc)
What is the term for cortical discharges localized within one cerebral hemisphere?
focal seizures
How long do tonic-clonic seizures usually last?
2-5 min
what is the term for a series of seizures lasting longer than 5 min with the patient never returning to baseline between the seizures?
status epilepticus
- medical emergency
- aggressive tx need is lasts longer than 5 min
what test should be done for a patient suspected of having seizures?
- continuous electroencephalogram (EEG)
- CT scan
- MRI scan
- UA
- drug screen
- prolactin (rises 2-3x above norm from appx 1 hr after most tonic-clonic seizures)
What are the meds used to tx generalized convulsive epileticus?
- lorazepam 0.1mg/kg (max 4mg/dose), repeat 1x prn
- midazolam 0.2mg/kg (max 10mg)
- diazapam 0.15 mg/kg/dose (max 10mg), repeast 1x prn
- fosphenytoin 20mg/kg
- phenytoin 20mg/kg
- valproic acid 30mg/kg
- levetiracem 40-60mg/kg over 15 min (max 4500mg)
- phenobarbitol 20mg/kg
Lorazepam brandname?
Ativan
Midazelam brandname?
versed
Diazepam brandname?
valium
term meaning to have language difficulties that may be cognitive/expressive or receptive?
Aphasia
term meaning the inability to perform previously learned movements/tasks or to use objects properly?
Apraxia
term for the loss of comprehension of auditory, visual, or other sensations although sensory system is intact?
- inability to recognize objects, shapes, people, sounds, smells, etc.
Agnosia
What are the drug treatment options for a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s Disease?
- donepezil (aricept)
- rivastigmine (execelon)
- galantamine hydrobromide (Razadyne)
Donepezil (Aricept) is what class of medication?
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
- treatment for Alzheimers and dementia
What are the adverse effects of Donepezil (Aricept)?
- syncope
- bradycardia
- AV block (need baseling EKG)
- nausea
- diarrhea
- weight loss
What is the treatment for moderate to severe Alzheimer’s Dementia?
- N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist:
- Memantine (Namenda)
Donepezil (aricept) is used to treat what condition?
Mild to moderate alzheimer’s disease
Memantine (Namenda) is used to treat what condition?
moderate to severe Alzheimer’s disease
Olanzapine (zyprexa) is used in the treatment of what conditions?
- schizophrenia
- bipolar I disorder
- agitation
Quetiapine (Seroquel) is used to treat what conditions?
- anti-psychotic medication
- schizophrenia
- bipolar disorder
- major depressive disorder
Quetiapine (Seroquel) is used to treat what conditions?
- anti-psychotic medication
- schizophrenia
- bipolar disorder
- major depressive disorder
What is the brand name for Quetiapine?
Seroquel
What is Seroquel’s MOA?
- dopamine and serotonin antagonist, binds to receptors, resulting in their deactivation
- used to treat schizophrenia, bipolar, major depression
What is Buspirones MOA?
- aka Buspar
- anti-anxiety med
- serotonin receptor agonist; activates serotonin receptors
- does not have sedative, hypnotic or muscle relaxing properties
What is Fluoxetine’s brandname?
Prozac
What is sertraline’s brandname?
- zoloft
- selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)
- treats major depressive disorder, social anxiety disorder
What is Citalopram’s (celexa) MOA?
- selective serotonin reuptake inhbitor
