Seizures Flashcards
What is the term for recurrent unprovoked seizures?
Epilepsy
Causes of seizures?
- drug noncompliance
- metabolic disorders
- CNS infection
- head trauma
- sleep deprivation
- brain tumors/lesions
- toxins (drugs, metal poisoning, etc)
What is the term for cortical discharges localized within one cerebral hemisphere?
focal seizures
How long do tonic-clonic seizures usually last?
2-5 min
what is the term for a series of seizures lasting longer than 5 min with the patient never returning to baseline between the seizures?
status epilepticus
- medical emergency
- aggressive tx need is lasts longer than 5 min
what test should be done for a patient suspected of having seizures?
- continuous electroencephalogram (EEG)
- CT scan
- MRI scan
- UA
- drug screen
- prolactin (rises 2-3x above norm from appx 1 hr after most tonic-clonic seizures)
What are the meds used to tx generalized convulsive epileticus?
- lorazepam 0.1mg/kg (max 4mg/dose), repeat 1x prn
- midazolam 0.2mg/kg (max 10mg)
- diazapam 0.15 mg/kg/dose (max 10mg), repeast 1x prn
- fosphenytoin 20mg/kg
- phenytoin 20mg/kg
- valproic acid 30mg/kg
- levetiracem 40-60mg/kg over 15 min (max 4500mg)
- phenobarbitol 20mg/kg
Lorazepam brandname?
Ativan
Midazelam brandname?
versed
Diazepam brandname?
valium
term meaning to have language difficulties that may be cognitive/expressive or receptive?
Aphasia
term meaning the inability to perform previously learned movements/tasks or to use objects properly?
Apraxia
term for the loss of comprehension of auditory, visual, or other sensations although sensory system is intact?
- inability to recognize objects, shapes, people, sounds, smells, etc.
Agnosia
What are the drug treatment options for a patient with moderate Alzheimer’s Disease?
- donepezil (aricept)
- rivastigmine (execelon)
- galantamine hydrobromide (Razadyne)
Donepezil (Aricept) is what class of medication?
acetylcholinesterase inhibitor
- treatment for Alzheimers and dementia
