Electrolyte Abnormalities

Question 1

Normal Na value?

Answer 1

135-145 mEq/L

Question 2

What are the 3 different types of hyponatremia?

Answer 2

1) Hypertonic
- sosmol > 295, Na < 135
2) Isotonic
- norm sosmol, Na < 135
3) Hypotonic (true hyponatremia)
- sosmol < 275, Na < 135

Question 3

What lab values support a diagnosis of Hypertonic Hyponatremia?

Answer 3

sosmol > 295 and Na < 135

Question 4

What lab values support a diagnosis of Hypotonic Hyponatremia?

Answer 4

sosmol < 275 and Na < 135

Question 5

What lab values support a diagnosis of Isotonic Hyponatremia?

Answer 5

sosmol 275 - 295 and Na < 135

Question 6

What is the normal serum osmolality value?

Answer 6

275-295 mOsm/kg

Question 7

What is the normal serum sodium range?

Answer 7

135-145 mEq/L

Question 8

Which type of hyponatremia is called the “true hyponatremia”?

Answer 8

Hypotonic Hyponatremia

Question 9

What are the main causes of hyponatremia?

Answer 9

• high/excessive H2O intake
• H2O retention or decreased urine output
• increased ADH release from the anterior pituitary

Question 10

Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) is released from what organ?

Answer 10

Anterior Pituitary gland

Question 11

What are the symptoms of hyponatremia?

Answer 11

SALTLOSS
- Stupor or coma
- Anorexia
- Lethargy
- decreased Tendon reflexes
- Limp muscles / weakness
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Seizures
- Stomach cramping

Question 12

What is the acronym used to remember the symptoms of hyponatremia?

Answer 12

SALTLOSS

Question 13

What are the diagnostic tests used to diagnose hyponatremia?

Answer 13

• serum sodium level < 135
• serum osmolality
• urine osmolality
• urine sodium level