Anemia

Question 1

Normal Hemoglobin range?

Answer 1

males: 14-18 g/100mL
females: 12-16 g/100mL

Question 2

Normal Hematocrit range?

Answer 2

males: 40-54%
females: 37-47%

Question 3

Normal Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) lab range?

Answer 3

250-450 ug/dl
- total amnt of iron bound to binding sites on transferrin
- two binding sites per transferrin protein

Question 4

Potential causes of low Total Iron Binding Capacity?

Answer 4

• hemolytic anemia; RBC’s being destroyed
• pernicious anemia; anemia d/t low vitamin B12
• hypoproteinemia
• inflammation
• malnutrition
• cirrhosis of liver

Question 5

What does transferrin do?

Answer 5

• transports iron from GIT and macrophages to bone marrow for RBC production
• produced by the liver

Question 6

Where is transferrin produced?

Answer 6

in the liver

Question 7

Where is iron absorbed?

Answer 7

enterocytes in duodenum

Question 8

Which protein transfers iron in the blood to tissues?

Answer 8

transferrin

Question 9

Which protein stores iron in the cells in bone marrow, liver, and spleen?

Answer 9

ferritin

Question 10

What does ferritin do?

Answer 10

stores iron in the cells of the:
- macrophages of bone marrow
- liver
- spleen

Question 11

Where is ferritin produced?

Answer 11

• macrophage of bone marrow
• liver

Question 12

Which lab value is an expression of the average volume and size of individual erythrocytes, and can differentiate between microcytic, normocytic, and macrocytic anemia?

Answer 12

Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)
- microcytic < 80
- normocytic/normal range 80-100
- macrocytic > 100

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV)?

Answer 13

to differentiate between micro, normo, and macrocytic anemia

Question 14

A Mean Corpuscular Volume < 80 is indicative of what condition?

Answer 14

microcytic anemia
- RBC are smaller than normal
- most common cause is iron deficiency, which leads to a deficiency in hemoglobin

Question 15

What will the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) be in a patient with iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 15

MCV < 80 ug/dl
- iron deficiency anemia is a microcytic (small size), hypochromic (less Hgb, less color) form of anemia

Question 16

What is the most common type of anemia?

Answer 16

iron deficiency anemia

Question 17

What are causes of iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 17

• low iron intake
• low GI absorption
• blood loss
• celiacs disease
• pregnancy

Question 18

What lab results will be seen in a patient with iron deficiency anemia?

Answer 18

• low Hgb
• low HCT
• low MCV (< 80 = mycrocytic)
• low MCHC (< 32 = hypochromic)
• low ferritin (< 12 mcg/dl)
• low serum iron (< 50 mg/dl)
• High TIBC (increased d/t need)
• High RDW without other RBC abnormalities
• transferrin saturation ration< 15%

Question 19

What is pica?

Answer 19

condition in which a person craves non-food items and do not have any nutritional value

Question 20

What are the s/s of anemia?

Answer 20

• fatigue
• dizziness
• HA
• dyspnea
• pallor
• tachycardia
• exercise intolerance

Question 21

What is the purpose of the Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW) lab test?

Answer 21

• it measures the differences in the volume and size of erythrocytes
• a high value means there is a major difference in the size of the smallest and largest RBC

Question 22

Which lab test is used to measures the differences in the volume and size of erythrocytes?

Answer 22

Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW)

Question 23

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