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5th yr- DENTAIM > Seizures > Flashcards

Seizures Flashcards

1
Q

What is a seizure

A

A sudden surge in electrical activity in the brain which can change behaviour, movement and levels of consciousness

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2
Q

What is epilepsy

A

Chronic seizures

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3
Q

What is a non epileptic psychogenic seizure

A

An event that looks like a seizure but is NOT caused by electrical activity int eh brain
psychogenic in nature

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4
Q

What can seizure be caused by

A
  1. Unknown cause
  2. Genetics
  3. Structural changes
  4. Structural abnormalities
  5. Autism
  6. Provoked seizure
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5
Q

What are secure with no known cause called

A

Idiopathic

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6
Q

How common are idiopathic seizures

A

Account for 6 out of 10 seizures

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7
Q

what structural changes may cause seizures

A
  1. Head injury
  2. Infection
  3. Stroke
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8
Q

Are structural changes leading to seizures permanent

A

They can be an isolated seizure or more chronic leading to epilepsy diagnosis

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9
Q

wHat do we mean by structural abnormalities leading to seizures

A

A congenital brain defect that may cause seizures

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10
Q

What can provoke a seizure

A
  1. Drugs
  2. Alcohol withdrawal
  3. Imbalances such as hypoglycaemia or hypoxia
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11
Q

How may different types of seizures are there

A

40

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12
Q

Name the 2 main groups seizures fall under

A
  1. Focal seizures

2. Generalised seizures

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13
Q

When do focal seizures occir

A

When seizure activity is limited to one part of a single Brian hemisphere

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14
Q

How are focal seizures grouped

A

According to whether awareness is retained or lost during seizure activity

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15
Q

When do generalised seizures occur

A

When there is widespread seizure activity in both brain hemispheres

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16
Q

Name the most common generalised seizure

A

Tonic clonic seizure

17
Q

Talk through the stages of tonic clonic seizures

A
  1. Warning (prodrome)
  2. Stiffness (tonic)
  3. Shaking (clonic)
  4. Drowsy (post ictal)
18
Q

What can happen in the warning stage of a tonic clonic seizure

A

A wide range of symptoms specific to the individual may occur ranging from feeling irritable to sensory hallucinations

19
Q

How long does the warning stage of a tonic clonic seizure last

A

brief to hours

20
Q

What can happen in the warning stage of a tonic stiffness seizure

A

Muscles become rigid including respiratory muscles resulting in short period of apnoea
Grunting noises may occur as air is forced from the lungs

21
Q

How long does the stiffness stage of a tonic clonic seizure last

A

1 minute

22
Q

What can happen in the warning stage of a tonic shaking seizure

A

Widespread disco-ordinated muscle movement and in some cases incontinence

23
Q

How long does the stiffness stage of a tonic clonic seizure last

A

1-3 minutes

24
Q

What can happen in the drowsy stage of a tonic shaking seizure

A

A period of drowsiness and/or confusion following the termination of seizure activity

25
Q

How long does the drowsy stage of a tonic clonic seizure last

A

Minutes to 24 hours

26
Q

What re the stages we go through when managing a tonic clonic seizure

A
  1. Safety
  2. Postion
  3. Oxygen
  4. Time
  5. Midazolam
27
Q

What do we mean by safety when managing a tonic clonic seizure

A

Consider the safety of both the patient and yourself
Lower the dental chair
Remove an items or obstacles that may cause input

28
Q

What do we mean by position when managing a tonic clonic seizure

A
  1. Airway mangement
  2. Lay patient flat and encourage a head tilt, chin lift position
  3. Do not brace or hold the patient in position
  4. Once seizure ended place patient in recovery position
29
Q

What do we mean by oxygen when managing a tonic clonic seizure

A

Administer 15 litres per minute oxygen via a non re breather mask

30
Q

What do we mean by time when managing a tonic clonic seizure

A

Call an ambulance if:

  1. Patients first seizure
  2. Seizure lasts more than 5 mins
  3. patients had had 3 seizures in 1 hour
31
Q

When is midazolam indicated

A

Indicated in patients who have a history of prolonged or serial seizures

32
Q

What isa prolonged seizure

A

Longer than 5 mins

5th yr- DENTAIM (8 decks)

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