Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5th yr- DENTAIM > Acute cardiac Ischaemia > Flashcards

Acute cardiac Ischaemia Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 common pathologies that cause acute cardiac ischaemia

A
  1. Stable angina

2. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is acute cardiac ischaemia

A

A term used to describe reduced oxygen delivery to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is stable angina

A

A chronic condition caused by the narrowing of the coronary arteries restricting blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is acute coronary syndrome

A

An umbrella term used to describe unstable angina and myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is acute coronary syndrome associated with

A

Severe interruption of blood flow to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What fall under Acute coronary syndrome

A
  1. Unstable angina
  2. Non ST elevation myocardial infarction
  3. ST elevation myocardial infarction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does unstable angina suggest

A

Suggest a deterioration of the chronic condition without damage to the heart muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the main difference between Non ST elevation myocardial infarction and ST elevation myocardial infarction

A

ST elevation myocardial infarction can be visible on the ST segment on the ECG due to significant damage to heart muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is present in blood vessels in a patietn with stable angina

A

Atheroma plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does atheroma plaque in blood vessels do

A

It reduces the lumen size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does a reduced lumen size impact

A

Impacts blood flow and oxygen delivery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

When are the symptoms of ischaemia present in a patietn with stable angine

A

When there’s increased Demand for blood and oxygen but the lumen size is insufficient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is present in blood vessels in a patient with acute coronary syndrome

A

Larger atheroma plaques are present

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does large atheroma plaque in blood vessels lead to

A

Reduced blood flow leading to further symptoms of ischaemia experienced even without trigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does narrowing of the lumen size lead to

A

Increased blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can prolonged increased blood pressure cause

A

May result in erosion of the atheroma plaque

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can erosion of the atheroma plaque cause

A

Can cause bleeding and a blood clot to form at the rupture site

18
Q

If a patient is experiencing chest pain for the first time what should they do

A

Call 999 and treat of acute coronary syndrome

19
Q

List the risk factors for cardiac ischaemia

A
  1. Diabetes
  2. hypertension
  3. Obesity
  4. Smoking
20
Q

Describe the typical presentation of acute cardiac ischaemia

A
  1. Chest pain
  2. Radiation of pain to arm, back, jaw
  3. Shortness of breath
  4. Nausea
21
Q

What acronym do we use to identify acute cardiac ischaemia

22
Q

What does THE DRS stand for

A 
Trigger
History 
Episodes
Duration 
Resolution 
Severity
23
Q

What os the trigger for stable angina

A

Obvious exertion or emotional trigger

24
Q

What is the typical history for stable angina

A

Known angina in patient

25
Q

How long does a stable angina episode last

A

Symptoms usual resolve in less than 15 minutes

26
Q

How does stable angina resolve

A

May resolve with rest or fast response to nitrates (GTN)

27
Q

How might a patient describe the severity of stable angina

A

Pain typical of patients with normal angina

28
Q

What is the trigger for acute coronary syndrome

A

Unclear trigger

29
Q

What is the history of acute coronary syndrome

A

No previous chest pain

30
Q

How long does an acute coronary syndrome episode last

A

Symptoms continue in excess fo 15 minutes

31
Q

How does acute coronary syndrome resolve

A

Slow or minimal response to nitrates

32
Q

How might a patient describe the severity of acute coronary syndrome

A

Severity worse than typical angina pain

33
Q

Talk through the THE DRS for stable angina

A

T- Obvious
H- Known Angina
E- No increased frequency of episodes
D- Symptoms resolve in less than 15 minutes
R- May resolve with rest or fast response to nitrates
S- Pain typical of patients normal angina

34
Q

Talk through the THE DRS for acute coronary syndrome

A

T- Unclear trigger
H- No previous chest pain
E- increased frequency of episodes
D- Symptoms continue in excess of 15 minutes
R- Slow or minimal response to nitrates
S- Severity worse than typical angina pain

35
Q

How do we manage stable angina

A
  1. Rest
  2. Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)
  3. Monitor
36
Q

How does GTN work

A

Dilates blood vessels improving oxygen delivery

37
Q

What is the maximum number of doses of GTN

38
Q

How do we monitor stable angina

A

Using the ABCDE approach

39
Q

How do we manage acute coronary syndrome

A
  1. Glyceryl Trinitrate (GTN)
  2. Aspirin
  3. Oxygen
  4. Monitor
40
Q

What does aspirin do in an acute coronary syndrome patietn

A

Inhibits clot formation reducing damage to the heart muscle

41
Q

when do we give a patietn with acute coronary syndrome oxygen

A

When hypoxia is identified

42
Q

What is hypoxia indicated with

A

Oxygen saturation of less than 94%

5th yr- DENTAIM (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions