Seismic Hazard Nature

Question 1

Shallow focus

Answer 1

Greatest damage

Question 2

Deep focus

Answer 2

Least damage

Question 3

At which plate margins do different focus depths occur?

Answer 3

Constructive/ conservative- shallow
Collision/subduction- both

Question 4

Two types of body waves

Answer 4

-primary
-secondary

Question 5

surface waves

Answer 5

-love
-Rayleigh

Question 6

What are primary waves?

Answer 6

Fastest waves
Travel through solid and liquid
Travel through mantle, crust and core
Compressional waves- side to side

Question 7

What are secondary waves?

Answer 7

Cannot travel through solids
Transverse move up and down

Question 8

What are Love waves?

Answer 8

Slowest waves
Most destructive
Move side to side

Question 9

What are Rayleigh waves?

Answer 9

Rolling motion
Break surface

Question 10

What speeds can tsunamis reach?

Answer 10

700 km/h

Question 11

What happens when a tsunami approaches the coast?

Answer 11

Drawdown- massive reduction of sea level
Followed by wave up to 30m

Question 12

Ways to manage tsunamis example

Answer 12

Pacific Tsunami warning system in Hawaii

Question 13

Example of Tsunami

Answer 13

2004 ‘Boxing Day’ tsunami
Following magnitude 9 sea floor earthquake
300,000 deaths

Question 14

Liquefaction

Answer 14

Soil with air gaps becomes saturated with water
Sediments made of loosely arranged particles and move like a liquid
Causing objects/buildings above to collapse + sink

Question 15

Landslides

Answer 15

Rapid movement of materials down a slope

Question 16

Percentage of earthquake occurrences in relation to plate margins

Answer 16

90% on plate margins
10% intraplate