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Geography Physical > Volcanic Hazards > Flashcards

Volcanic Hazards Flashcards

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1
Q

Tephra

A

Material ejected from a volcano
Can be fine ash or large rocks

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2
Q

Examples of a volcano with tephra involved within the eruption

A

2010 Eyjafjallajokul

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3
Q

How hazardous is tephra

A

Very hazardous
Covers agricultural land and destroys crops
Causes air space to close

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4
Q

What is ash fallout

A

Volcanic ash is ejected from the volcano
This creates an eruption column
This can travel long distances

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5
Q

Example of ash fallout

A

2010 ejyafjallajokul

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6
Q

How hazardous is ash fallout

A

Hazardous
Covers surfaces including buildings, roads and farms over thousands of km
Weight of ash can collapse buildings

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7
Q

How far can eruption columns be transported into the atmosphere

A

45km

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8
Q

Volcanic gases

A

Release wide range of toxic gases
Eg. CO, CO2, SO2

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9
Q

Example of volcanic gases - case study

A

1986 underwater volcano eruption
Lake Nios North Cameroon
1200 killed , 300 hospitalised

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10
Q

How hazardous are volcanic gases?

A

Silent and deadly threat to humans
Cause irritation to eyes, nose, throat
Mix with water to form acid rain

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11
Q

Mudflows / lahars

A

Form when deposits of ash, rock and water combine together

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12
Q

Example of mudflow / Lahar

A

November 13th 1985 Armero Tolima
25,000 deaths
Buried town of Armero
Known as Armero tragedy

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13
Q

How hazardous are mudflows

A

Very hazardous
Ability to consume everything in their paths
Either destroyed or buried under debris

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14
Q

Nueés ardentes

A

Similar to pyroclastic flow
Denser / slower

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15
Q

How hazardous are Nuées ardentes

A

Very hazardous
Contain poisonous gas and hot ash

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16
Q

Pyroclastic flow

A

Fast moving current of hot gas and rock which travels downhill due to gravity
Travels up to 700 km/h
Reach temperatures of 1000 degrees

17
Q

How hazardous are pyroclastic flows

A

The inhalation of poisonous gas and hot ash can cause instant death
Destroys anything in their path

18
Q

Lava flow

A

Flow of lava down the sides of the volcano
Can be viscous or runny
Travel speeds up to 40 km/h
1000-2000 degrees

19
Q

How hazardous are lava flows

A

Depends on the speed
Can be out run

20
Q

Lava flow example

A

2014 Fogo volcano eruption Cape Verde
Fast moving lava flow engulfed 75% of buildings within 3 villages

21
Q

Acid rain

A

When sulphur dioxide from the volcano combines with water vapour to form acid rain

22
Q

How hazardous is acid rain

A

Pollutes surface
Enhances weathering
Damages crops

23
Q

Acid rain example

A

Tonga 2022
Volcano has been releasing toxic gases

Geography Physical (13 decks)

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