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Music 103 > Segregating Sound, Developing Markets (Part 2): Blues, Country Blues, Early R&B, and Mainstream Country > Flashcards

Segregating Sound, Developing Markets (Part 2): Blues, Country Blues, Early R&B, and Mainstream Country Flashcards

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1
Q

Blues gained its professional designation largely from the development of ___ ___.

A

“Negro Theatre”.

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2
Q

“Negro Theatre” came about after the…

A

Civil War.

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3
Q

“Negro Theatre” was modelled after early…

A

White minstrel shows.

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4
Q

What are some “Negro Theatre” show types?

A

Minstrel, travelling road, medicine, vaudeville, carnival, and small circuses.

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5
Q

What is Blackface?

A

Painted white people’s faces black and acted out their perceptions of the ethnic group.

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6
Q

The African American population often had a hard time finding work as a result of the…

A

Theatre’s Own Booking Agency (TOBA).

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7
Q

TOBA was commonly known among African American populations as…

A

Tough On Black Artists.

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8
Q

Classic Blues can be described as ___ and ___, and the ___ take precedent.

A

Private, personal, lyrics.

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9
Q

Classic Blues musicians often had little to no training. True or False?

A

True, everyone was thought to have blues inherently written within them.

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10
Q

Classic Blues evolved quickly from a style treated casually as a form of folk music into a form both…

A

Professionally and publicly respected.

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11
Q

The lyrical content of the Classical Blues was transparent, allowing the music to be more accessible to…

A

White Americans.

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12
Q

The following was said of Classic Blues:

“The Negro felt he was a part of that superstructure after all”. This refers to what aspect of Classic Blues?

A

The fact that the Black musicians were not so separate after all.

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13
Q

Classic blues was dominated by men/women?

A

More than 75% women.

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14
Q

Jali

A

Songs that concern the history of the people.

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15
Q

Blues.

A

Songs that contain lyrics addressing personal experiences.

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16
Q

Classic Blues.

A

Songs performed by black women, typically accompanied by a jazz band.

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17
Q

Country Blues.

A

Songs performed by men of the rural south, typically accompanied by a guitar.

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18
Q

Delta Blues.

A

Rhythmically vigorous and considered to be more “extroverted”.

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19
Q

Where did the name “Delta Blues” come from?

A

The Mississippi Delta.

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20
Q

What two techniques were first developed in the Delta Blues?

A

Bottleneck and Slide techniques.

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21
Q

What does R&B stand for?

A

Rhythm and Blues.

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22
Q

R&B

A

A blues based music that uses jazz elements, but was designed to meet the dancing and partying needs of an urban, African American audience.

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23
Q

Is R&B secular or sacred?

A

Secular.

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24
Q

Who was a major figure in the transition from race music to R&B?

A

Louis Jordan.

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25
Q

Louis Jordan established…

A

Shuffle rhythm.

26
Q

What are the two sections of R&B combo?

A

Rhythm and horn sections.

27
Q

What instruments are in a R&B rhythm section?

A

Piano, bass, drum, and guitar.

28
Q

What instruments are in a R&B horn section?

A

Two saxophones and one or two trumpets.

29
Q

Louis Jordan is known for his desire to…

A

Please audiences.

30
Q

What does it mean to “Straddle the Fence”?

A

Cater to both black & white audiences.

31
Q

“Straddle the Fence” was a movement in the…

A

Early 1940’s.

32
Q

What was one technique used during the “Straddle the Fence” era?

A

Book one white and one black artist for each show.

33
Q

Who was Johnny Otis?

A

A biologically white artist who racially identified himself as black.

34
Q

What were the 4 major recording labels prior to the 1950’s?

A

RCA Victor, Columbia, Decca, Capitol.

35
Q

What does ASCAP stand for?

A

American Society of Composers and Publishers.

36
Q

What does BMI stand for?

A

Broadcast Music Incorporated.

37
Q

When was BMI formed, and what was the role of BMI in them music industry?

A

The 1930’s. It allowed hillbilly and race music to expand.

38
Q

What other factor forced recording labels and radio broadcasters to look for alternate source of recordings?

A

The recording bans during World War II.

39
Q

Indie labels eventually developed successful ___ markets on their own.

A

Niche.

40
Q

Indie labels forced crossovers…

A

Between genres.

41
Q

List two employees of recording labels, and what their significance was.

A

Henry Glove worked for King Records and was largely responsible for the crossover between country and R&B.
Sam Phillips worked for Sun Label and also contributed to the crossover. Sun Label also worked with artists such as Elvis and Johnny Cash.

42
Q

What were the main influences to country?

A

Fiddle tunes, string band music, traditional folk ballads, hymns, and blues.

43
Q

What are two hybrid styles developed along the way as hillbilly gave way to country music?

A

Western swing and honky-tonk.

44
Q

Who are the two country artists studied in class?

A

Eddy Arnold and Hank Williams.

45
Q

The early 1950’s saw country music achieve ___ ___.

A

Mainstream success.

46
Q

What radio station played a major role in the development of country?

A

WSM.

47
Q

What broadcast on WSM promoted country music?

A

Grand Ole Opry.

48
Q

Where is the hub of country music?

A

Nashville.

49
Q

Who can be considered the biggest figure in country music?

A

Hank Williams.

50
Q

Country music is the music of the ___ people.

A

Common.

51
Q

Who are three famous R&B figures in the 1950’s?

A
  1. B.B. king.
  2. Ruth Brown.
  3. Ray Charles.
52
Q

R&B split off into _ strands.

A

3.

53
Q

What are the three ways in which R&B shifted?

A
  1. Transformation of country blues into urban blues.
  2. More carefully arranged R&B.
  3. Increased use of vocal techniques borrowed from solo gospel singing.
54
Q

B.B. King popularized T. Bone Walkers’ innovations, such as…

A
  • Jazzy single note improvisations on guitar.
  • Large band arrangements including horn sections.
  • Use of gospel inspired vocal style.
55
Q

Who was Ruth Brown?

A

The biggest feminine R&B star of the 1950’s along with Dinah Washington.

56
Q

Where was Ruth Brown’s background?

A

Gospel.

57
Q

Ruth Brown’s blended elements include:

A

Blues, jazz, and pop.

58
Q

Ruth Brown’s blended elements combined to produce an “___” style of R&B.

A

Uptown.

59
Q

Who was Ruth Brown’s label, and what did the label become known as after?

A

Atlantic, which became known as “The House that Ruth Brown Built”.

60
Q

___ forms became very prominent in the 1950’s, and have continued to develop exponentially.

A

Hybrid.

61
Q

Why are labels important?

A

They allow us to see where music originated from, and how it came to be.

62
Q

Music can show direct ___, ___, and ___ affiliation.

A

Social, economic, political.

Music 103 (17 decks)

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