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INTROPSY : SENSATION AND PERCEPTION > SEEING > Flashcards

SEEING Flashcards

1
Q

A COMPLICATED PHENOMENON, HAS THE PROPERTIES OF BOTH WAVES AND PARTICLES

A

LIGHT

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2
Q

WHO FIRST PROPOSED THAT LIGHT IS TINY PACKETS OF WAVES

A

ALBERT EINSTEIN

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3
Q

WAVE PACKETS, HAVE SPECIFIC WAVELENGTHS ASSOCIATED WITH THEM

A

PHOTONS

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4
Q

BRIGHTNESS, COLOR, SATURATION

A

PSYCHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHT OR THE 3 ASPECTS OF PERCEPTION OF LIGHT

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5
Q

THE AMPLITUDE OF THE WAVE, HIGH OR LOW OF THE WAVE

A

BRIGHTNESS

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6
Q

HIGH WAVES

A

BRIGHT LIGHT

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7
Q

LOW WAVES

A

DIM LIGHT

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8
Q

THE LENGTH OF THE WAVE

A

COLOR OR HUE

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9
Q

MEASUREMENTS OF THE LENGTH OF THE WAVE

A

NANOMETERS

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10
Q

VISIBLE SPECTRUM: LONG WAVELENGTHS

A

RED

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11
Q

VISIBLE SPECTRUM: SHORT WAVELENGTHS

A

BLUE

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12
Q

PURITY OF THE COLOR PEOPLE PERCEIVE

A

SATURATION

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13
Q

PURE COLOR, WITHOUT A MIXTURE OF OTHER WAVELENGTHS

A

SATURATION

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14
Q

IRIS OPENING THAT CHANGES SIZE DEPENDS ON THE AMOUNT OF LIGHT IN THE ENVIRONMENT

A

PUPIL

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15
Q

MUSCLES CONTROL THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL

A

IRIS

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16
Q

CLEAR LIQUID THAT NOURISHES THE EYE

A

AQUEOUS HUMOR

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17
Q

BENDS LIGHT WAVES, THE IMAGE CAN BE FOCUSED ON THE RETINA

A

CORNEA

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18
Q

JELLY-LIKE LIQUID THAT NOURISHES AND GIVES SHAPE TO THE EYE

A

VITREOUS HUMOR

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19
Q

WHERE THE OPTIC NERVE LEAVES THE EYE; NO PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS HERE

A

BLIND SPOT (OPTIC DISC)

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20
Q

SENDS VISUAL INFORMATION TO THE BRAIN

A

OPTIC NERVE

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21
Q

CENTRAL AREA OF RETINA; GREATEST DENSITY OF PHOTORECEPTORS

A

FOVEA

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22
Q

CONTAINS PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS

A

RETINA

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23
Q

CHANGES SHAPE TO BRING OBJECTS INTO FOCUS

A

LENS

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24
Q

COVERED THE SURFACE OF THE EYE IN A CLEAR MEMBRANE

A

CORNEA

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25
Q

PROTECTS THE EYE AND FOCUSES MOST OF THE LIGHT COMING INTO THE EYE

A

CORNEA

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26
Q

HAS A FIXED CURVATURE. LIKE CAM, NO OPTION TO ADJUST THIS FOCUS

A

CORNEA

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27
Q

___ OF THE CORNEA CAN BE CHANGED (SHAPE) = VISION IMPROVING TECHNIQUES

A

CURVATURE

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28
Q

PROCEDURES TO REMOVE SMALL PORTIONS OF THE CORNEA, CHANGING ITS CURVATURE AND THUS THE FOCUS OF THE EYE

A

(PRK) PHOTOREACTIVE KERATECTOMY & (LASIK) LASER-ASSISTED IN SITU KERATOMILEUSIS

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29
Q

LIGHT FROM THE VISUAL IMAGE ENTERS THE INTERIOR OF THE EYE THROUGH A HOLE CALLED ___

A

PUPIL

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30
Q

ROUND MUSCLE OF THE EYE, COLORED PART OF THE EYE

A

IRIS

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31
Q

CAN CHANGE THE SIZE OF THE PUPIL, LETTING MORE OR LESS LIGHT IN THE EYE, HELPS THE PEOPLE FOCUS (SQUINTING)

A

IRIS

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32
Q

CLEAR STRUCTURE, BEHIND THE IRIS SUSPENDED BY MUSCLES

A

LENS

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33
Q

FLEXIBLE LENS FINISH THE FOCUSING PROCESS BEGUN BY THE CORNEA IN A PROCESS CALLED?

A

VISUAL ACCOMODATION

34
Q

LENS CHANGES ITS SHAPE FROM THICK TO THIN, FOCUSING ON OBJECTS THAT ARE CLOSE OR FAR AWAY

A

VISUAL ACCOMODATION

35
Q

ALLOWS THE LENS TO PROJECT A SHARP IMAGES IN RETINA

A

VARIATON IN THICKNESS

36
Q

LOSING THE ABILITY TO ADJUST THE THICKNESS OF THE LENS TO PROJECT A SHARP IMAGES IN RETINA AS PEOPLE AGES

A

PRESBYOPIA

37
Q

COMPENSATION USE FOR THE INABILITY TO FOCUS ON THINGS THAT ARE CLOSE TO THEM

38
Q

VISUAL ACCOMODATION BUT THE SHAPE PF THE EYE CAUSES THE FOCAL POINT TO FALL SHORT OF THE RETINA

A

NEARSIGHTEDNESS OR MYOPIA

39
Q

THE FOCUS POINT IS BEHIND THE RETINA

A

FARSIGHTEDNESS OR HYPEROPIA

40
Q

ONECE PAST THE LENS, LIGHT PASSES THROUGH A LARGE OPEN SPACE FILLED WITH A CLEAR JELLY-LIKE FLUID CALLED

A

VITREOUS HUMOR

41
Q

FINAL STOP FOR LIGHT WITHIN THE EYE

42
Q

A LIGHT SENSITIVE AREA AT THE BACK OF THE EYE CONTAINING 3 LAYERS

43
Q

GANGLION CELLS | BIPOLAR CELLS | RODS AND CONES

A

3 LAYERS OF THE RETINA

44
Q

GANGLION CELLS | BIPOLAR CELLS | RODS AND CONES

A

PHOTORECEPTORS | SPECIAL RECEPTOR CELLS

45
Q

RESPONSIBLE FOR DIFFERENT ASPECTS OF VISION

A

RODS AND CONES

46
Q

RECEPTORS FOR VISUAL ACUITY/ABILITY TO SEE THE FINE DETAIL

47
Q

LOCATED ALL OVER THE RETINA BUT CONCENTRATED AT FOVEA

48
Q

CENTER OF THE RETINA WHERE NO RODS

49
Q

NEED MORE LIGHT TO FUNCTION, WORK BEST IN BRIGHT LIGHT, SEE THINGS CLEARLY AT LIGHT

50
Q

SENSITIVE TO DIFFERENT WAVELENGTHS OF LIGHT, RESPONSIBLE FOR COLOR VISION

51
Q

LIGHT ENTERING EYES CAN BE SEPARETED INTO 2 VISUAL FIELDS

A

RIGHT AND LEFT VISUAL FIELDS

52
Q

LIGHT FROM ___ FALLS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF EYE’S RETINA

A

RIGHT VISUAL FIELD

53
Q

LIGHT FROM ___ FALLS ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF EYE’S RETINA

A

LEFT VISUAL FIELD

54
Q

LIGHT TRAVELS IN A ___ LINE THROUGH CORNEA AND LENS RESULTING THE IMAGE TO BE ___ AND ____ FROM LEFT TO RIGHT

A

STRAIGHT | UPSIDE DOWN AND REVERSED

55
Q

TEMPORAL RETINAS AND NASAL RETINAS

A

2 HALVES OF THE AREAS OF THE RETINA

56
Q

HALF OF THE RETINA TOWARD THE TEMPLES OF THE HEAD

A

TEMPORAL RETINAS

57
Q

HALF OF THE RETINA TOWARD THE CENTER OR NOSE

A

NASAL RETINAS

58
Q

WORK WELL IN LOW LEVELS OF LIGHT, ALLOW THE EYES TO ADAPT TO LOW LIGHT

59
Q

OCCURS AS THE EYE RECOVERS ITS ABILITY TO SEE WHEN GOING FROM A BRIGHTLY LIT STATE TO A DARK STATE

A

DARK ADAPTATION

60
Q

ALLOW US TO SEE, ABLE REGENERATE OR RECHARGE IN THE DARK

A

LIGHT SENSITIVE PIGMENTS

61
Q

BRIGHTER THE LIGHT WAS, ____ IT TAKES THE RODS TO ADAPT TO THE NEW LOWER LEVELS OF LIGHT

62
Q

OCCURS WHEN GOING FROM MORE CONSTANT LIGHT TO DARKNESS

A

FULL DARK ADAPTATION

63
Q

A PERSON HAS DIFFICULTY SEEING WELL ENOUGH TO DRIVE AT NIGHT OR GET AROUND IN A DARKENED ROOM/HOUSE

A

NIGHT BLINDNESS

64
Q

VITAMIN THAT CAN HELP NIGHT BLINDNESS SYMPTOMS

65
Q

FROM A DARKENED ROOM TO ONE THAT’S BRIGHTLY LIT

A

LIGHT ADAPTATION

66
Q

_____ HAVE TO ADAPT TO THE INCREASED LEVEL OF LIGHT AND THEY ACCOMPLISH THIS LIGHT ADAPTATION MUCH MORE QUICKLY THAN THE RODS ADAPT TO DARKNESS (TAKES A FEW SECONDS)

67
Q
  1. TRICHROMATIC THEORY | 2. OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY
A

2 THEORIES OF PERCEPTION OF COLOR

68
Q

THEORY PROPOSED BY THOMAS YOUNG (1802) AND MODIFIED BY HERMANN VON HELMHOLTZ (1852)

A

TRICHROMATIC THEORY

69
Q

MEANS THREE COLORS

A

TRICHROMATIC

70
Q

PROPOSED THREE TYPES OF CONES: RED CONES, BLUE CONES, GREEN CONES | ONE FOR EACH OF THE 3 PRIMARY COLORS

A

TRICHROMATIC THEORY

71
Q

RED, BLUE, GREEN,

A

PRIMARY COLORS

72
Q

OCCUR WHEN A VISUAL SENSATION PERSISTS FOR A BRIEF TIME EVEN AFTER THE ORIGINAL STIMULUS IS REMOVED

A

AFTERIMAGES

73
Q

THEORY THAT EXPLAINED THE AFTERIMAGES

A

OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY

74
Q

FIRST SUGGESTED THE IDEA OF THE OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY

A

EDWALD HERING (1874)

75
Q

THERE ARE FOUR PRIMARY COLORS: RED, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW IN THIS THEORY

A

OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY

76
Q

THE COLORS ARE ARRANGED IN PAIRS WITH EACH MEMBER OF THE PAIR AS OPPONENTS

A

OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY

77
Q

RED VS GREEN | BLUE VS YELLOW

A

OPPONENT-PROCESS THEORY

78
Q

CAUSED BY DEFECTIVE CONES IN THE RETINA OF THE EYE

A

COLOR BLINDNESS

79
Q

MORE GENERAL/ACCURATE TERM OF COLOR BLINDNESS, AS MOST PEOPLE WITH CB HAVE 2 TYPES OF CONES WORKING AND CAN SEE MANY COLORS

A

COLOR-DEFICIENT VISION

80
Q

PEOPLE EITHER HAVE NO CONES OR HAVE CONES THAT ARE NOT WORKING AT ALL

A

MONOCHROME COLOR BLINDNESS

81
Q

CAUSED BY THE SAME KIND OF PROBLEM, HAVING ONE CONE THAT DOESN’T WORK PROPERLY, EXPERIENCE THE WORLD WITH ESSENTIALLY COMBINATIONS OF TWO CONES/COLORS

A

DICHROMATIC VISION

INTROPSY : SENSATION AND PERCEPTION (6 decks)

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