HEARING Flashcards
vibrations of the molecules of air that surround us
SOUND WAVES
do not have the same properties of light waves, instead they have wavelength, amplitude and purity
SOUND WAVES
interpreted by the brain as frequency or pitch (high, medium or low)
WAVELENGTHS
interpreted by the brain as voulume, how soft or loud a sound is
AMPLITUDE
coresponds to saturation or purity in light is _ in sound
TIMBRE
richness in the tone of the sound
TIMBRE
the everyday noises tha surround people don’t allow them to hear many pure _
PURE TONES
a person is also limited in the range of _ he/she can hear
FREQUENCIES
frequencies are measured in cycles (waves) per second or _
HERTZ (Hz)
human limits are _ and _ Hz with the most sensitivity from 2000 - 4000Hz which very important for conversational speech
20 AND 20,000Hz
outer ear middle ear inner ear
STRUCTURE OF THE EAR
visible, external part of the ear that serves as a kind of receptor, funneling the sound waves from outside into the structure of the ear
PINNA
the entrance to the auditory canal or ear canal
PINNA
short tunnel that runs down to the tympanic membrane or eardrum
AUDITORY CANAL or EAR CANAL
when the soundwaves hit the _ they cause three tiny bones in the middle ear to vibrate
EARDRUM
three tiny bones in the middle ear
1.HAMMER 2.ANVIL 3.STIRRUP
each name of the _ tiny bones stem-ming from the shape of the respective bones
THREE
the vibration of the three bones _ the vibrations from the eardrum
AMPLIFIES
the last bone in the chain, causes a membrane covering the opening of the inner ear to vibrate
STIRRUP
malleus
HAMMER
incus
ANVIL
stapes
STIRRUP
part of the inner ear, this membrane called the _ its vibrations set off another chain reaction within the inner ear
OVAL WINDOW
inner ear in a snail-shaped structure, filled with fluid
COCHLEA
when the oval window vibrates, it causes the fluid in the cochlea to _
VIBRATE
the fluid that surounds a membrane running through the middle of the cochlea is called _
BASILAR MEMBRANE
the resting place of the organ corti
BASILAR MEMBRANE
contains the receptor for the sense of hearing
BASILAR MEMBRANE
when the _ membrane vibrates, it vibrates the organ corti, causing it to brush against a membrane above it
BASILAR MEMBRANE
special cell in the organ corti, which are the receptors for sound
HAIR CELLS
when these hair cells/auditory receptors are bent up against the other membrane, causes them to send a neural message through the _ nerve
AUDITORY NERVE
contains the axons of all the receptor neurons
AUDITORY NERVE
neural message sent to the auditory nerve and into the brain through the _
THALAMUS
hair cells bent, neural mesage to auditory nerve, brain through thalumus then the _ will interpret the sound
AUDITORY CORTEX
the transformation of the vibrations of sound into neural messages
TRANSDUCTION
louder sounds in the outside world = stronger vibrations, stimulate morehair cells which the brain interpret as _
LOUDNESS
refers to high or low sound, depends on where the hair cells that are stimulated are located on the organ corti
PITCH
developed by Ernest Rutherford 1886
FREQUENCY THEORY
the pitch is related to how fast the basilar membrane vibrates
FREQUENCY THEORY
the faster the basilar membrane vubrates = higher the pitch, slower vibratiion = lower pitch
FREQUENCY THEORY
this theory works for low pitches
FREQUENCY THEORY
this theory works for moderate to high pitches
PLACE THEORY
who developed frequency theory
ERNEST RUTHERFORD 1886
who developed the third theory called volley principle
ERNEST WEVER & CHARLES BRAY
theory that appears to account for pitches from 400Hz up to 4000Hz, which groups of auditory neurons are volleying
VOLLEY PRINCIPLE
a process which the groups of auditory neurons take turns firing
VOLLEYING
1.CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS 2.NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
TYPES OF. HEARING IMPAIRMENT
TERM USED TO REFER TO DIFFICULTIES IN HEARING
HEARING IMPAIRMENT
A PERSON CAN BE _ HEARING IMPAIRED OR _ HEARING IMPAIRED
PARTIALLY HEARING IMPAIRED, TOTALLY HEARING IMPAIRED
THE TREATMENT FOR HEARING LOSS WILL VARY ACCORDING TO THE _ FOR THE IMPAIRMENT
REASONS
REFERS TO PROBLEMS WITH THE MECHANICS OF THE OUTER OR MIDDLE EAR, SOUND VIBRATIONS CAN’T BE PASSED FROM THE EARDRUM TO COCHLEA
CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
THE CAUSE OF THIS IMPAIRMENT MIGHT BE DAMAGED EARDRUM OR DAMAGE TO THE BONES OF THE MIDDLE EAR, USUALLY FROM AN INFECTION
CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
IN THIS KIND OF IMPAIREMNT THE CAUSES CAN BE TREATED, USING A HEARING AIDS
CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS
CAN BE USE IN RESTORING HEARING
HEARING AIDS
THE PROBLEM LIES EITHER IN THE INNER EAR OR IN THE AUDITORY PATHWAYS AND CORTICAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN
NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
MOST COMMON TYPE OF PERMANENT HEARING LOSS
NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
NORMAL _ CAUSES LOSS OF HAIR CELLS IN THE COCHLEA, AND EXPOSURE TO _ CAN DAMAGE HAIR CELLS
NORMAL AGING , LOUD NOISES
POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE NORMAL AGING AND EXPOSURE TO LOUD NOISES
NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS
COLLECTIVE NAME OF THE THREE TINY BONES IN THE MIDDLE EAR
OSSICLES
THE SMALLEST BONES IN THE HUMAN BODY
OSSICLES (HAMMER, ANVIL, STIRRUP
based on an idea proposed in 1863 by Hermann von Helmholtz and elaborated on and modified by Georg von Békésy, beginning with experiments first published in 1928
Place Theory
In this theory, the pitch a person hears depends on where the hair cells that are stimulated are located in the organ of the Corti.
Place Theory
WHO PROPOSED AND MODIFIED PLACE THEORY
Hermann von Helmholtz & Georg von Békésy,
