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INTROPSY : SENSATION AND PERCEPTION > HEARING > Flashcards

HEARING Flashcards

1
Q

vibrations of the molecules of air that surround us

A

SOUND WAVES

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2
Q

do not have the same properties of light waves, instead they have wavelength, amplitude and purity

A

SOUND WAVES

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3
Q

interpreted by the brain as frequency or pitch (high, medium or low)

A

WAVELENGTHS

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4
Q

interpreted by the brain as voulume, how soft or loud a sound is

A

AMPLITUDE

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5
Q

coresponds to saturation or purity in light is _ in sound

A

TIMBRE

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6
Q

richness in the tone of the sound

A

TIMBRE

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7
Q

the everyday noises tha surround people don’t allow them to hear many pure _

A

PURE TONES

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8
Q

a person is also limited in the range of _ he/she can hear

A

FREQUENCIES

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9
Q

frequencies are measured in cycles (waves) per second or _

A

HERTZ (Hz)

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10
Q

human limits are _ and _ Hz with the most sensitivity from 2000 - 4000Hz which very important for conversational speech

A

20 AND 20,000Hz

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11
Q

outer ear middle ear inner ear

A

STRUCTURE OF THE EAR

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12
Q

visible, external part of the ear that serves as a kind of receptor, funneling the sound waves from outside into the structure of the ear

A

PINNA

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13
Q

the entrance to the auditory canal or ear canal

A

PINNA

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14
Q

short tunnel that runs down to the tympanic membrane or eardrum

A

AUDITORY CANAL or EAR CANAL

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15
Q

when the soundwaves hit the _ they cause three tiny bones in the middle ear to vibrate

A

EARDRUM

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16
Q

three tiny bones in the middle ear

A

1.HAMMER 2.ANVIL 3.STIRRUP

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17
Q

each name of the _ tiny bones stem-ming from the shape of the respective bones

A

THREE

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18
Q

the vibration of the three bones _ the vibrations from the eardrum

A

AMPLIFIES

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19
Q

the last bone in the chain, causes a membrane covering the opening of the inner ear to vibrate

A

STIRRUP

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20
Q

malleus

A

HAMMER

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21
Q

incus

A

ANVIL

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22
Q

stapes

A

STIRRUP

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23
Q

part of the inner ear, this membrane called the _ its vibrations set off another chain reaction within the inner ear

A

OVAL WINDOW

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24
Q

inner ear in a snail-shaped structure, filled with fluid

A

COCHLEA

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25
Q

when the oval window vibrates, it causes the fluid in the cochlea to _

A

VIBRATE

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26
Q

the fluid that surounds a membrane running through the middle of the cochlea is called _

A

BASILAR MEMBRANE

27
Q

the resting place of the organ corti

A

BASILAR MEMBRANE

28
Q

contains the receptor for the sense of hearing

A

BASILAR MEMBRANE

29
Q

when the _ membrane vibrates, it vibrates the organ corti, causing it to brush against a membrane above it

A

BASILAR MEMBRANE

30
Q

special cell in the organ corti, which are the receptors for sound

A

HAIR CELLS

31
Q

when these hair cells/auditory receptors are bent up against the other membrane, causes them to send a neural message through the _ nerve

A

AUDITORY NERVE

32
Q

contains the axons of all the receptor neurons

A

AUDITORY NERVE

33
Q

neural message sent to the auditory nerve and into the brain through the _

A

THALAMUS

34
Q

hair cells bent, neural mesage to auditory nerve, brain through thalumus then the _ will interpret the sound

A

AUDITORY CORTEX

35
Q

the transformation of the vibrations of sound into neural messages

A

TRANSDUCTION

36
Q

louder sounds in the outside world = stronger vibrations, stimulate morehair cells which the brain interpret as _

A

LOUDNESS

37
Q

refers to high or low sound, depends on where the hair cells that are stimulated are located on the organ corti

A

PITCH

38
Q

developed by Ernest Rutherford 1886

A

FREQUENCY THEORY

39
Q

the pitch is related to how fast the basilar membrane vibrates

A

FREQUENCY THEORY

40
Q

the faster the basilar membrane vubrates = higher the pitch, slower vibratiion = lower pitch

A

FREQUENCY THEORY

41
Q

this theory works for low pitches

A

FREQUENCY THEORY

42
Q

this theory works for moderate to high pitches

A

PLACE THEORY

43
Q

who developed frequency theory

A

ERNEST RUTHERFORD 1886

44
Q

who developed the third theory called volley principle

A

ERNEST WEVER & CHARLES BRAY

45
Q

theory that appears to account for pitches from 400Hz up to 4000Hz, which groups of auditory neurons are volleying

A

VOLLEY PRINCIPLE

46
Q

a process which the groups of auditory neurons take turns firing

A

VOLLEYING

47
Q

1.CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS 2.NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

A

TYPES OF. HEARING IMPAIRMENT

48
Q

TERM USED TO REFER TO DIFFICULTIES IN HEARING

A

HEARING IMPAIRMENT

49
Q

A PERSON CAN BE _ HEARING IMPAIRED OR _ HEARING IMPAIRED

A

PARTIALLY HEARING IMPAIRED, TOTALLY HEARING IMPAIRED

50
Q

THE TREATMENT FOR HEARING LOSS WILL VARY ACCORDING TO THE _ FOR THE IMPAIRMENT

A

REASONS

51
Q

REFERS TO PROBLEMS WITH THE MECHANICS OF THE OUTER OR MIDDLE EAR, SOUND VIBRATIONS CAN’T BE PASSED FROM THE EARDRUM TO COCHLEA

A

CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS

52
Q

THE CAUSE OF THIS IMPAIRMENT MIGHT BE DAMAGED EARDRUM OR DAMAGE TO THE BONES OF THE MIDDLE EAR, USUALLY FROM AN INFECTION

A

CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS

53
Q

IN THIS KIND OF IMPAIREMNT THE CAUSES CAN BE TREATED, USING A HEARING AIDS

A

CONDUCTION HEARING IMPAIRMENT or CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSS

54
Q

CAN BE USE IN RESTORING HEARING

A

HEARING AIDS

55
Q

THE PROBLEM LIES EITHER IN THE INNER EAR OR IN THE AUDITORY PATHWAYS AND CORTICAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN

A

NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

56
Q

MOST COMMON TYPE OF PERMANENT HEARING LOSS

A

NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

57
Q

NORMAL _ CAUSES LOSS OF HAIR CELLS IN THE COCHLEA, AND EXPOSURE TO _ CAN DAMAGE HAIR CELLS

A

NORMAL AGING , LOUD NOISES

58
Q

POSSIBLE CAUSES ARE NORMAL AGING AND EXPOSURE TO LOUD NOISES

A

NERVE HEARING IMPAIRMENT or SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

59
Q

COLLECTIVE NAME OF THE THREE TINY BONES IN THE MIDDLE EAR

A

OSSICLES

60
Q

THE SMALLEST BONES IN THE HUMAN BODY

A

OSSICLES (HAMMER, ANVIL, STIRRUP

61
Q

based on an idea proposed in 1863 by Hermann von Helmholtz and elaborated on and modified by Georg von Békésy, beginning with experiments first published in 1928

A

Place Theory

62
Q

In this theory, the pitch a person hears depends on where the hair cells that are stimulated are located in the organ of the Corti.

A

Place Theory

63
Q

WHO PROPOSED AND MODIFIED PLACE THEORY

A

Hermann von Helmholtz & Georg von Békésy,

INTROPSY : SENSATION AND PERCEPTION (6 decks)

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