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Biology: 39 - Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants > Seedless Fruit > Flashcards

Seedless Fruit Flashcards

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1
Q

What is parthenocarpy?

A

The development of a fruit without a seed

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2
Q

What is the development of a fruit without a seed called?

A

Parthenocarpy or parthenocarpic fruiting

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3
Q

What is parthenocarpy also called?

A

Parthenocarpic fruiting

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4
Q

Why can the process of parthenocarpy by called a form of virgin birth?

A

As the egg is not fertilised

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5
Q

How many ways are there for seedless fruits to be formed?

A

There are two different ways

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6
Q

What are the two ways that seedless fruits can arise?

A

Genetically

Spraying plants with growth regulators

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7
Q

Write a note on how seedless fruits can arise due to genetics.
(2)

A

Seedless fruits arise genetically, either naturally or by special breeding programmes

Examples include bananas, grapefruit, pineapples, seedless oranges and grapes

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8
Q

What are the two ways that seedless fruits can arise due to genetics?

A

Naturally

By special breeding programmes

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9
Q

Give some examples of seedless fruits that arise due to genetics.
(5)

A

Bananas

Grapefruit

Pineapples

Seedless oranges

Seedless grapes

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10
Q

Write a note on how seedless fruits can arise due to the spraying of plants with growth regulators.
(4)

A

Seedless fruits can be produced by spraying plants with growth regulators

Large concentrations of growth regulators (e.g. auxins) are sprayed on flowers

Fruits may then form without fertilisation or the production of seeds

Examples include seedless grapes, peppers, cherries, apricots, peaches and some types of seedless tomato

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11
Q

Give an example of a growth regulator that can be sprayed on flowers to bring about the development of seedless fruits.

A

Auxins

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12
Q

Give some examples of seedless fruits which arise from the spraying of flowers with growth regulators.
(6)

A

Seedless grapes

Peppers

Cherries

Apricots

Peaches

Some types of seedless tomatoes

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13
Q

Other than auxins, what can be used as a growth regulator to commercially ripen fruits?

A

Ethene (or ethylene)

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14
Q

Describe how ethene is used to ripen fruits.

A

Ethene gas is pumped into large storage containers where it ripens fruits

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15
Q

Give some examples of fruits which can be ripened using ethene gas.

A

Bananas

Melons

Tomatoes

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16
Q

Other than ripening fruits, what can ethene gas be used for?

A

To ‘de-green’ fruits

17
Q

How does ethene gas ‘de-green’ fruits?

A

It does so by causing the breakdown of chlorophyll

18
Q

Give some examples of fruits that can be ‘de-greened’ by ethene gas.
(6)

A

Bananas

Melons

Tomatoes

Oranges

Lemons

Grapefruit

Biology: 39 - Sexual Reproduction In Flowering Plants (27 decks)

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