Seed Plants Flashcards
Characteristics of Gymnosperms
produce naked seeds
needle like leaves
four groups
vascular
no water system
no vascular tissue in needles
4 Types of Gymnosperms
cycads -grow in mainly tropical areas
conifers - “cone bearing” needles all year long
ginkgoes - one species left, clean air pollution
gnetophytes - tend to be bushes and vines
Reproduction in Gymnosperms
- pollen (male) falls into ovule (female)
- fertilization
- seed becomes multicellular and uses stored food
- when the seed is mature the scale will open again and disperse the seed
Seed Development
stays in female cone until mature & scale opens
Life Cycle of Gymnosperms
pine tree (male), cones (female), wind spreads pollen to female, pollen gets trapped, fertilization, seed development, seed dispersal, germination, new plant produces female and male cones
What are Gymnosperms Used For
limber
paper
rosin
turpentine
rayon fibers
cellophane wrappers
Angiosperm Characteristics
they produce flowers
seeds enclosed with fruit
Structure of the Flower and What Each Is
sepal - leaf-like structure that completely surrounds flower when young
petal - different in shape,size, number, and color
stamen - male parts, 3 parts (pollen, anther, filament), more than one stamen
pistil - female part, one pistil, bottom holds ovary, stalk called style, top part is the stigma
Types of Pollinators
birds, bats, bees, flies, and insects can also self pollinate
3 Parts of Seed
1) seed coat
2) embryo
3) stored food
2 Types of Angiosperms
monocot
dicot
Parts of Monocot
parallel veins
bundles of tissue scattered
parts in 3
Parts of Dicot
branching veins
bundles of tissue in ring
parts in 4-5
Tropism
plants reaction to stimulus
+/- Tropism
when plants go toward (+) or away (-) from the stimulus
Auxin
chemical released that causes a plant to speed up division
Dormancy
period of time where the plant doesn’t grow
Annual, Biennual, Perennials
1 year life cycle
2 year life cycle
2+ year life cycle
Photoperiodism
the amount of darkness a plant receives determines the time of flowering in many plants
2 Types of Photoperiodism
short-day plant - poinsettas
long-day plants - iris
