Electricity Flashcards
Causes Attraction (poles)
positive (protons)
negative (electrons)
Causes Repulsion (2 poles)
negative (electron) / negative (electron)
positive (protons) / positive (protons)
Difference / Similar Between Magnetism & Electricity
Difference: electricity single charges ALONE
Similar: attraction and repulsion of the charges
Electric Force
attraction / repulsion between electric charges
Electric Field
area around a charged particle - exerts on objects near it
Positive Ion
1) arrow shows direction
2) length shows strength
3) charged particle has multiple fields
Negative Ion
1) arrows faced in
2) length shows strength
3) charged particle has multiple fields
Electrical Forces for Positive & Positive / Negative & Negative
pg 36
Electrical Forces for Negative & Positive
pg 36
Static Electricity
most objects are neutral - sometimes slight charge so + & - attract to each other
If an Object Gains Electrons, Its Charge Is?
Negative
If an Object Gives Away Electrons, Its Charge Is?
Positive
3 Ways to Transfer Charges
1) Friction
2) Conduction
3) Induction
Electroscope
equipment used to measure charged objects
Friction & Example
opposing of force - ex. cloth rubbing stick
Conduction Transfer & Example
transfer from touching objects - ex. hair and balloon
Induction Transfer & Example
transfer from NOT touching produce electrical field - ex. lightning
Static Discharge
when charged particles touch & become neutral
Electric Current & Unit
flow of electric current - measured in amps
Conductor & Example
material that electrons can flow through easily - ex. iron, silver, & copper
Insulator & Example
materials that electrons can NOT flow through easily - ex. rubber, glass, & plastic
Voltage
difference in electrical potential between 2 places in the circuit
Resistance
how difficulty the charge is to flow
4 Types of resistance
1) material used - conductor vs. insulator
2) length of wire - long = more resistance
3) diameter of wire - slimmer = more resistance - 1 line of electrons
4) path of least resistance -bird on wire - more resistance go through body
Scientist 1st Battery
Alessandro Volta
Electrochemcial Cell
converting chemical energy to electrical energy
Wet Cell Battery & Example
electrolyte is a liquid - ex. car battery
Dry Cell Battery & Example
electrolyte is a paste - ex. D/AA batteries
Ohm’s Law
regardless of the voltage into a conductor - the resistance will remain constant amount
Features of a Circuit
run on electrical energy, need source, connected by wires
Switch
allows electrons to flow when on/off electrons don’t flow
Series Circuit Advantage / Disadvantage
1 pathway -
A: simple / easy design
D: one light goes out, all go out & lights get duller
Parallel Circuit Advantage / Disadvantage
more than 1 pathway -
A: 1 goes out rest stay on & equal brightness
D: more supplies needed
Power Equation
power = voltage (volts) x current (amps)
Electrical Bill
bill = energy (kilowatts) x time (hour)
Personal Safety
least resistance - flow through body mess up heart, muscle, and breathing
Grounding
if short circuit - causes current to flow to ground
Fuses
device with metal strip that melts if too much electricity flow through
Circuit Breaker
reusable switch to close or open a circuit
Open Current
electricity will NOT flow - lost into the air
Closed Current
electricity WILL flow - through the whole circuit
