Seed plants Flashcards
T/F Mosses are heterosporous
True
T/F Ferns are heterosporous
True, mostly homosporous though
T/F Angiosperm are homosporous
False, Heterosperm
Why didn’t plants go extinct when meteor struck and change the atmosphere
Seeds were able to exist and wait for better conditions.
Where is the embryo located in the angiosperm
In the seed.
What do all angiosperms have in common
Reduced gametophytes,
Heterospory (Grow into male or female gametophyte), Ovules,
Pollen
Define Gymnosperm
Cone bearing plants.
T/F Gymnosperms and angiosperms are seed bearing plants
True
Plant evolution from oldest to newest
Carophytes, Bryophytes, Lycophytes, Gymnosperm, Angiosperm.
What do megasporangia produce
Seeds, (Eggs)
What do microsporangia produce
Pollem, (Sperm)
How are gymnosperm seeds unique?
They are naked, or open.
4 Phylum of Gymnosperm
Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta
Features of Phylum Cycadophyta
Critically endangered,
Thrived in Mesozoic (dinosaur food)
Multiflagellated sperm
Beetles help pollinate
Features of Phylum Ginkgophyta
One extant species Tolerates air pollution Sperm is multiflagellated Seed coat has a vile smell Human dependent
Why do seeds smell like rot on a ginko tree
to attract an animal that is probably extinct.
Features of Gnetophyta
Non motile sperm
found in desert and tropics
Does not produce 3n Endosperm, but extra embryo
Features of Phylum Coniferophyta
Largest extant gymnosperm,
Evergreen
Use wind to reproduce
Cones = modified leaves
Why do conifers produce so much pollen?
Higher likely hood of 1 sperm finding its way to the right spot on a cone.
Are pollen grains haploid or diploid
Haploid
How does a conifer reproduce
Pollen needs to land on the pine cone where it opens up to the egg to reproduce.
How is pine pollen different from other pollen
It is more spherical and areodynamic, where as other pollen is barbed and more likely to stick to animals.
What type of tree is the oldest tree
Conifer
Which group contains more diversity, Gymnosperms or angiosperms
Angiosperms, but gymnosperms are very good at surviving.
T/F Angiosperms are flowering plants
True
What is the function of the flower?
Contain structures for sexual reproduction
Parts of a flower
Sepals,
Petals
Stamen ( and anthers)
Carpels (Ovary style stigma)
What is the function of the stamen and anther
To produce pollen where bugs can land.
What is the function of the carpel
To house the ovary
What is the ovary of a flowering plant
The fruit
What is the ovule of a flowering plant
The seed
How do fruits aid in the dispersal of Seeds
Animals eat the fruit and latter dispose of seeds in poop with a rich environment for growth.
T/F Acidic environments, (like stomachs) can help some seeds germinate
True
What keeps herbivores from eating some flowering plants
Some have membranes and special secretions
Why is it advantageous for a flowering plant to target a specific type of animal.
If there is codependence then reproduction is likely to occur and the plant doesn’t have to compete with other plants.
What is unique about the fertilization of an angiosperms
They often get double fertilized, 2 sperm, 1 egg making it 3n or triploid
What are the three parts of the seed and what is their ploidy
Bran, Outer layer 2n (diploid)
Endosperm, inner layer 3n (triploid)
Germ, embryo, 2n (Diploid)
What is the advantage of having a 3n endosperm around the embryo
It is really good at providing nutrition
What is observed in ancient flowering plants?
Reproductive parts are not clumped together in a single flower.
Define Eudicot
Two leaves upon sprouting
Define monocots
One leaf upon sprouting
What are the three lineages of angiosperm
Amborella trichopoda
water lillies
Star anise
2/3 of angiosperm are characterized as
Eudicots
1/3 of angiosperms are
monocots
T/F Gymnosperms are eudicots
False, only angiosperms
What happened when Plants were too plentiful towards the end of the paleozoic period?
Consumed all of the CO2 which eliminated the green house blanket and dropped temperatures dramatically.
