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Biol 1620 > Seed plants > Flashcards

Seed plants Flashcards

1
Q

T/F Mosses are heterosporous

A

True

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2
Q

T/F Ferns are heterosporous

A

True, mostly homosporous though

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3
Q

T/F Angiosperm are homosporous

A

False, Heterosperm

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4
Q

Why didn’t plants go extinct when meteor struck and change the atmosphere

A

Seeds were able to exist and wait for better conditions.

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5
Q

Where is the embryo located in the angiosperm

A

In the seed.

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6
Q

What do all angiosperms have in common

A

Reduced gametophytes,
Heterospory (Grow into male or female gametophyte), Ovules,
Pollen

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7
Q

Define Gymnosperm

A

Cone bearing plants.

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8
Q

T/F Gymnosperms and angiosperms are seed bearing plants

A

True

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9
Q

Plant evolution from oldest to newest

A

Carophytes, Bryophytes, Lycophytes, Gymnosperm, Angiosperm.

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10
Q

What do megasporangia produce

A

Seeds, (Eggs)

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11
Q

What do microsporangia produce

A

Pollem, (Sperm)

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12
Q

How are gymnosperm seeds unique?

A

They are naked, or open.

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13
Q

4 Phylum of Gymnosperm

A

Cycadophyta
Ginkgophyta
Gnetophyta
Coniferophyta

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14
Q

Features of Phylum Cycadophyta

A

Critically endangered,
Thrived in Mesozoic (dinosaur food)
Multiflagellated sperm
Beetles help pollinate

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15
Q

Features of Phylum Ginkgophyta

A 
One extant species
Tolerates air pollution
Sperm is multiflagellated
Seed coat has a vile smell
Human dependent
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16
Q

Why do seeds smell like rot on a ginko tree

A

to attract an animal that is probably extinct.

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17
Q

Features of Gnetophyta

A

Non motile sperm
found in desert and tropics
Does not produce 3n Endosperm, but extra embryo

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18
Q

Features of Phylum Coniferophyta

A

Largest extant gymnosperm,
Evergreen
Use wind to reproduce
Cones = modified leaves

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19
Q

Why do conifers produce so much pollen?

A

Higher likely hood of 1 sperm finding its way to the right spot on a cone.

20
Q

Are pollen grains haploid or diploid

A

Haploid

21
Q

How does a conifer reproduce

A

Pollen needs to land on the pine cone where it opens up to the egg to reproduce.

22
Q

How is pine pollen different from other pollen

A

It is more spherical and areodynamic, where as other pollen is barbed and more likely to stick to animals.

23
Q

What type of tree is the oldest tree

A

Conifer

24
Q

Which group contains more diversity, Gymnosperms or angiosperms

A

Angiosperms, but gymnosperms are very good at surviving.

25
Q

T/F Angiosperms are flowering plants

A

True

26
Q

What is the function of the flower?

A

Contain structures for sexual reproduction

27
Q

Parts of a flower

A

Sepals,
Petals
Stamen ( and anthers)
Carpels (Ovary style stigma)

28
Q

What is the function of the stamen and anther

A

To produce pollen where bugs can land.

29
Q

What is the function of the carpel

A

To house the ovary

30
Q

What is the ovary of a flowering plant

A

The fruit

31
Q

What is the ovule of a flowering plant

A

The seed

32
Q

How do fruits aid in the dispersal of Seeds

A

Animals eat the fruit and latter dispose of seeds in poop with a rich environment for growth.

33
Q

T/F Acidic environments, (like stomachs) can help some seeds germinate

A

True

34
Q

What keeps herbivores from eating some flowering plants

A

Some have membranes and special secretions

35
Q

Why is it advantageous for a flowering plant to target a specific type of animal.

A

If there is codependence then reproduction is likely to occur and the plant doesn’t have to compete with other plants.

36
Q

What is unique about the fertilization of an angiosperms

A

They often get double fertilized, 2 sperm, 1 egg making it 3n or triploid

37
Q

What are the three parts of the seed and what is their ploidy

A

Bran, Outer layer 2n (diploid)
Endosperm, inner layer 3n (triploid)
Germ, embryo, 2n (Diploid)

38
Q

What is the advantage of having a 3n endosperm around the embryo

A

It is really good at providing nutrition

39
Q

What is observed in ancient flowering plants?

A

Reproductive parts are not clumped together in a single flower.

40
Q

Define Eudicot

A

Two leaves upon sprouting

41
Q

Define monocots

A

One leaf upon sprouting

42
Q

What are the three lineages of angiosperm

A

Amborella trichopoda
water lillies
Star anise

43
Q

2/3 of angiosperm are characterized as

A

Eudicots

44
Q

1/3 of angiosperms are

A

monocots

45
Q

T/F Gymnosperms are eudicots

A

False, only angiosperms

46
Q

What happened when Plants were too plentiful towards the end of the paleozoic period?

A

Consumed all of the CO2 which eliminated the green house blanket and dropped temperatures dramatically.

Biol 1620 (12 decks)

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