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Biol 1620 > Metazoa > Flashcards

Metazoa Flashcards

1
Q

Metazoa

A

Animals

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2
Q

Characteristic of Metazoa all metazoans

A

Multi-cellularity

Eat food

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3
Q

Define: Polytomy

A

Multiple branches from 1 ancestor species

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4
Q

What do thick lines represent on a phylogeny

A

A fossil record

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5
Q

Define: Lysotroph

A

Food is broken down outside of body and absorbed. (Human digestion is considered out side of body)

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6
Q

Define: Phagotroph

A

digestion inside of body

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7
Q

Define: Analogous

A

Traits not inherited from common ancestor but evolved separately.

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8
Q

Characteristics of most metazoans

A

Sexual life cycle = diploid
Differentiated tissues
Gastrulation of embryo

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9
Q

T/F multicellularity evolved independently

A

True

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10
Q

What is the origin of multicellularity

A

Colonies

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11
Q

What is the closest single cell relative of Metazoans

A

Choanoflagellates

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12
Q

What is distinct about choanoflagellates

A

Sperm shaped w. similar flagella

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13
Q

T/F the common ancestor of Fungi and metazoans was unicellular

A

True

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14
Q

What are important genes for multicellularity

A

Cell signaling
Adhesion
Gene regulation
ECM - Makes proteins for tissues

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15
Q

What organism is similar to the the cell found on the posterior of a sponge

A

Choanoflagellates

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16
Q

What defines Cambrian Explosion

A

Explosion of speciation

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17
Q

What are important structures for organisms in the Cambrian explosion

A

Locomotion
Shells
Teeth

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18
Q

When did the first animals appear

A

during the Ediacarian period.

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19
Q

What features are used to classify animals?

A

Symmetry
True tissue
body cavity
Development - Gastrulation

20
Q

What developed first?

Multicellularity or Adhesion and cell signaling

A

Adhesion and cell signaling

21
Q

What is the haploid stage in humans

A

Sperm or egg

22
Q

What defines bilateral symmetry

A

One axis of symmetry

23
Q

What defines radial symetry

A

Multiple lines of symetry

24
Q

What classifies a true tissue

A

Specialized and separated by a membrane

25
Q

Which animal does not have true tissue

A

Sponges

26
Q

What are the types of tissue

A

Connective
Epithelial (skin - organ covering)
muscle
nervous

27
Q

4 Ways to identify body plan

A

Type of Symmetry
True tissue
Body cavity and formation
Development

28
Q

Why aren’t simmilar body plans always resembled in clades

A

Because of molecular data in phylogenetics

29
Q

Define Diploblastic

A

ectoderm

endoderm

30
Q

Define triploblastic

A

Ectoderm
endoderm
mesoderm

31
Q

Define a body cavity

A

space between organs

32
Q

What is a true body cavity

A

Coelom

33
Q

What is a puesdocoelom

A

a body cavity derived from mesoderm and endoderm

34
Q

What is the difference between coelom and puesdocoelom

A

Mesoderm is the only thing that touches the coelom in a a true body cavity.
A puesdocoelom has endoderm and mesoderm touching the cavity.

35
Q

What is gastrulation

A

Early embrionic development

Forming a tube from a sphere

36
Q

What are two distinct types of gastrulation

A

Radial Cleavage

Spiral Cleavage

37
Q

T/F Cells in spiral cleavage can separate and form other organisms

A

False

Cells cannot separate in spiral cleavage

38
Q

When can cells totally differentiate?

A

Before the 8 cell stage

39
Q

What do the cells differentiate to in the 8 cell stage

A

Endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

40
Q

What forms first in protostomes

A

Mouth

41
Q

What forms first in deuterostomes

A

Anus

42
Q

T/F humans are dueterosomes

A

True

43
Q

What does it mean that sponges are Basal animals

A

They are at the “base”
ancient animals
Not basic

44
Q

What is a major clade for most animals

A

Bilaterians

45
Q

T/F dueterstomia is a major clade for choradtes and other animals

A

True

46
Q

Define: Hox Genes

A

Genes that regulate body formation

47
Q

How do hox genes affect growth.

A

Through inhibiting transcription.

Biol 1620 (12 decks)

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