Plant Anatomy

Question 1

Define developmental plasticity

Answer 1

The ability to alter itself to its environment.

Question 2

How does a fanwort exhibit developmental plasticity

Answer 2

In the presence of O2 cell signaling pathways create lily pads.

Question 3

What are the 3 organs for a plant

Answer 3

Root, stem, leaf

Question 4

How does developmental plasticity effect different organs,

Answer 4

Leaves can turn into roots in the right conditions (underground)

Question 5

Purpose of the roots

Answer 5

Anchor
Absorb minerals and water
Store organic nutrients.

Question 6

5 modified root types

Answer 6

Prop roots
"Strangling" roots
Storage roots
Buttress roots
pneumatophores

Question 7

Define Nodes

Answer 7

Where the leaf is attached

Question 8

Define internodes

Answer 8

The stem segments between nodes

Question 9

Define axillary bud

Answer 9

Located next to apical meristem and can form lateral shoot

Question 10

Define Apical bud

Answer 10

Location of apical meristem responsible to length of plant

Question 11

How does the apical bud influence the axillary bud

Answer 11

when the apical bud is present the axillary bud will not induce growth until hormone signaling is weak or non existent

Question 12

Name some unique leaves

Answer 12

Tendrils (twirlly vines)
Spines (cacti)
Storage leaves (aloe)
Reproductive leaves
Bracts (petals)

Question 13

Types of tissue

Answer 13

Dermal
Vascular
Ground

Question 14

Where is the dermal tissue on a nonwoody plant

Answer 14

The epidermis

Question 15

What is the protective tissue of a woody plant

Answer 15

Periderm

Question 16

Define Cuticle

Answer 16

Waxy surface of the plant

Question 17

Define Meristems

Answer 17

Regions where growth occurs

Question 18

Where is the apical meristem located

Answer 18

at the tips of roots and axillary buds of shoots

Question 19

What induces primary growth of plants

Answer 19

Apical meristems

Question 20

What induces secondary growth of plants

Answer 20

Lateral meristems

Question 21

How does primary growth proceed in roots

Answer 21

root cap, full of dead cells, pushes through the dirt as mitosis ensues

Question 22

How does secondary growth proceed

Answer 22

Each year growth occurs at a thin ring, pushing the old cells either out or in depending on alternating years

Question 23

What is the vascular cambium

Answer 23

Ring where the vascular tissues is located on the lateral meristem

Question 24

What is significant about the cells on either side of the vascular cambium

Answer 24

they are dead

Question 25

What determines the type of cells that are created

Answer 25

the position they are found in. (not determined like in animals)

Question 26

How are flowers formed

Answer 26

External and internal cues flip the switch from vegetative to Reproductive growth at meristem identity genes.

Question 27

What are plant homeotic genes

Answer 27

They are organ identity genes.