Plant Anatomy Flashcards
Define developmental plasticity
The ability to alter itself to its environment.
How does a fanwort exhibit developmental plasticity
In the presence of O2 cell signaling pathways create lily pads.
What are the 3 organs for a plant
Root, stem, leaf
How does developmental plasticity effect different organs,
Leaves can turn into roots in the right conditions (underground)
Purpose of the roots
Anchor
Absorb minerals and water
Store organic nutrients.
5 modified root types
Prop roots "Strangling" roots Storage roots Buttress roots pneumatophores
Define Nodes
Where the leaf is attached
Define internodes
The stem segments between nodes
Define axillary bud
Located next to apical meristem and can form lateral shoot
Define Apical bud
Location of apical meristem responsible to length of plant
How does the apical bud influence the axillary bud
when the apical bud is present the axillary bud will not induce growth until hormone signaling is weak or non existent
Name some unique leaves
Tendrils (twirlly vines) Spines (cacti) Storage leaves (aloe) Reproductive leaves Bracts (petals)
Types of tissue
Dermal
Vascular
Ground
Where is the dermal tissue on a nonwoody plant
The epidermis
What is the protective tissue of a woody plant
Periderm
Define Cuticle
Waxy surface of the plant
Define Meristems
Regions where growth occurs
Where is the apical meristem located
at the tips of roots and axillary buds of shoots
What induces primary growth of plants
Apical meristems
What induces secondary growth of plants
Lateral meristems
How does primary growth proceed in roots
root cap, full of dead cells, pushes through the dirt as mitosis ensues
How does secondary growth proceed
Each year growth occurs at a thin ring, pushing the old cells either out or in depending on alternating years
What is the vascular cambium
Ring where the vascular tissues is located on the lateral meristem
What is significant about the cells on either side of the vascular cambium
they are dead
What determines the type of cells that are created
the position they are found in. (not determined like in animals)
How are flowers formed
External and internal cues flip the switch from vegetative to Reproductive growth at meristem identity genes.
What are plant homeotic genes
They are organ identity genes.
