Plant Evolution Flashcards
What did all land plants evolve from
Green Algae
What is the closest relative to land plants
Charophytes
4 Characteristics that make a true plant
Alternation of Generations (w/ multicellular dependent embryos)
Walled spores produced and Sporangia
Multicellular gametangia
Apical Meristems
What motivated plants to move onto land?
Abundance of CO2
Sunlight
No predation on land yet.
What pressures need to be adapted to for success on land
Gravity
Drying out
Soil was mostly gravel
What traits do the first land plants have
No true roots.
Swimming sperm
Sporopollenin
Cellulose cell walls
Define Karyogomy
Fusion of two nuclei
Define Gametophyte
creates gametes
Define Sporophyte
creates Spores
T/F Mitosis happens in both haploid and diploid stages
True
Where does sporopollenin exist
Sporopollenin is the wall for the spores
Where are spores found
Sporangia
What is the role of sporopollenin
keep spores from drying out.
Define Homosporous
Gametophyte produces sperm AND egg
Define heterosporous
Gametophyte produces EITHER sperm OR egg
Why do we have a good fossil record of plants
Sporopollenin is hard to break down.
T/F Mosses and liverworts are gravity and water dependent.
True
Characteristics of Bryophytes
No vascular tissue
mosses, liverworts and hornworts
How is the size of the gametophyte and sporophyte related to the evolution of plants?
As plants evolved the gametophyte shrunk in size and the sporophyte increased in size.
What is the dominate phase of bryophytes?
Gametophyte
mosses
Is the sporophyte or gametophyte dependent in bryophytes?
Sporophyte
What is the dominant phase of angiosperm?
Sporophyte
flowering Plants
Is the sporophyte or gametophyte dependent in angiosperm?
Gametophyte
Which produces egg, Antheridia or archegonia?
Archegonia
