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Biol 1620 > Ecology > Flashcards

Ecology Flashcards

1
Q

Define Ecology

A

Study of interactions between organisms and environment

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2
Q

How is ecological change and evolutionary change correlated

A

Needs change as the environment changes.

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3
Q

Define Environment

A

A collection of biotic and abiotic factors.

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4
Q

What are Abiotic factors

A

Non living factors
Temperature
Rainfall
Etc.

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5
Q

What are biotic factors

A

Living factors
Bacterial
Food web
Etc.

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6
Q

Define organismal ecology

A

How and organism interacts with its biotic and abiotic factors.

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7
Q

Example of organismal ecology

A

Pill bugs and environment
Weather and fungi communities
Hybernation and changes in weather

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8
Q

How is coral bleaching related to related to organismal ecology

A

Raising temperatures make protists leave.

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9
Q

Define Keystone species

A

A species that identifies the health of an ecosystem.

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10
Q

Define Population Ecology

A

Factors that affect changes in population size, fitness, allele frequencies, distribution etc.

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11
Q

How does a population grow

A

Births and immigration

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12
Q

How does a population shrink

A

Deaths and emigration

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13
Q

What is a defining characteristic of a population

A

One species that shares genes.

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14
Q

Define Carrying capacity

A

How many individuals an environment can hold.

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15
Q

Define Community ecology

A

Interactions between different species and factors that shape community formation and fate

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16
Q

How does community ecology affect health

A

Gut microbiomes are important especially in maintaining weight.
Obese mice were treated with gut microbiome of healthy mice.

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17
Q

Define ecosystem Ecology

A

Flow of energy and elements between populations and communities and environment at ecosystem scale

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18
Q

How are nutrients tracked in an ecosystem

A

Stable isotope tracing. Heavy carbon can be planted in an environment and followed using radiation.

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19
Q

Define Landscape ecology

A

Flow of energy and elements between populations and communities and environment at landscape scale.(between ecosystems.)

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20
Q

Define global ecology

A

Flow of energy and elements between populations and communities and environments at biosphere scale. (the whole earth)

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21
Q

Why is global ecology so hard to measure

A

Each factor influences the whole earth.

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22
Q

What is biogeochemistry

A

Understanding how genomes affect ecology at a global scale.

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23
Q

Why would sequencing genomes help you with ecology

A

If all variables are accounted for. Then we would be able to predict future of an environment based off of species present.

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24
Q

What are the annual climate reports

A

Predictions of where the climate will be based on known variables and past data.

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25
Q

Why are the annual climate reports becoming more accurate

A

More factors are being accounted for.

Satellite data is becoming more accurate. (greater resolution)

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26
Q

Define Ecological modeling

A

Use known correlations between biotic and abiotic variables to predict population, community, or ecosystem level responses to projected changes of factors.

27
Q

What is climate?

A

Temperature and precipitation

Not weather.

28
Q

How are predictions made of climate change

A

Individual researches ( with no correspondance) make their forecast and those are averaged and run through simulations.

29
Q

Tropical forrest

A

warm and wet

30
Q

Savanna

A

warm and not wet enough for forest

31
Q

Desert

A

Dry and hot or cold

32
Q

Chaparral

A

Costal, hot and dry. Lots of fires. California and cost of dead sea.

33
Q

Temperate grassland

A

erratic precipitation (dry-ish) less rain than savanna. Lots of fires.

34
Q

Taiga

A

Cold forest

35
Q

Deciduous forest

A

Wet and seasonal

36
Q

Tundra

A

Dry and cold. Low nutrients, no trees

37
Q

High Mountains (Alpine)

A

Cold, high elevation, High uv. Low diversity

38
Q

Polar Ice

A

Frozen, no plants

39
Q

What are important factors of location in relation to Climate

A

Elevation and latitude.

40
Q

How are elevation and latitude related

A

The further from the equator is similar to being higher in elevation.

41
Q

Is it easier to change a biome or reverse a change in biome

A

Change a biome

42
Q

What is significant about a lake as an aquatic biome

A

Nutrients will rotate when the lake freezes.

43
Q

What is significant about a river as a biome

A

Different species located up and down stream

44
Q

What is the condition of a coral reef

A

Going extinct

45
Q

Define Marine Pelagic

A

Deep ocean

46
Q

What limits a species distribution

A

Locomotion
Climate (skylarks in great Britain)
(Plant sporophytes in upper atmosphere vs Elephants limited range of motion)

47
Q

How do we know a population has traveled

A

Gene signaling can be monitored.

48
Q

What factors limit a species range

A

Dispersal adaptations/ barriers
Niche availability
Humans (sometimes unintentional)
Climate

49
Q

Define niche availibility

A

organism perfectly suited for an environment.

50
Q

How does niche availability influence dispersal

A

Niche needs to be available in a different area for the species to thrive

51
Q

How was house hold bacteria microbiomes found in antartica

A

Researchers boots.

52
Q

What happens to diversity with elevation, Latitude and rainfall?

A

There is an inverse relation between elevation and latitude. The is a direct relation with rainfall.
As elevation and latitude increase, Richness drops.
As rainfall drops, richness drops.

53
Q

What are the three types ways species organize themselves within an area?

A

Clumped
uniform
random

54
Q

What is species dispersal

A

Same species in same area.

55
Q

How is a species dispersal represented in their genomes

A

Behavior influences fitness which influences genome

56
Q

How do we see different human migration patterns in genes

A

As tribes left Africa and mixed with neanderthals we see that represented in their genome.

57
Q

Define survivorship curve

A

How many species are represented relative to their age.

58
Q

What is observed in a species with high survivor ship rates

A

They tend to have less offspring

59
Q

What is observed in a species with low survivorship

A

They tend to have lots of offspring.

60
Q

Define carrying capacity

A

The amount of a species that a habitat can hold.

61
Q

How is a projected carrying capacity different from actual population numbers

A

A population will go over and dip under the carrying capacity.

62
Q

Why don’t we see accurate carrying capacity in the wild.

A

Carrying capacity does not account for abnormal event like disease, severe weather, human interaction.

63
Q

How is carrying capacity measured

A

Amount of resources available.

64
Q

Is disease accounted for with carrying capacity

A

No, Disease is similarly density dependent.

Biol 1620 (12 decks)

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