SEDoHs

Question 1

mental health in canada

Answer 1

20% of canadians will personally experience a mental illness in their lifetime
mental illness indirectly affects all canadians at some point

Question 2

causes and risk factors for mental illness

Answer 2

causes = a complex interplay of genetic, biological, personality, and environmental factors
risk factors = family history of mental illness, age, sex, substance abuse, chronic diseases, stresses

Question 3

mental health patterns in specific groups

Answer 3

depression in seniors is prevalent but harder to diagnose
suicide accounts for 24% of all deaths among 15-24 year olds and 16% among 25-44 year olds
suicide rates among indigenous populations are 3-6 times higher than the national rates

Question 4

the environment

Answer 4

all the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related behaviours

Question 5

environmental factors that are modifiable

Answer 5

pollution
uv and ionizing radiation
noise
electromagnetic fields
occupational risks
built environments
agricultural methods
human-made climate change
behaviours related to the availability of safe water

Question 6

physical environments

Answer 6

housing conditions
air quality
safety of communities (playgrounds, roads, homes)

Question 7

categories of the environment

Answer 7

chemical, physical, and biological factors
psychological factors
ergonomic factors

Question 8

types of environments

Answer 8

neighbourhood
home
workplace

Question 9

measuring impacts and health outcomes of the physical environment

Answer 9

health status
non-medical determinants of health
health system performance
community and health system characteristics

Question 10

health status

Answer 10

well-being
health conditions
human function
death

Question 11

non-medical determinants of health

Answer 11

health behaviours
living and working conditions
personal resources
environmental factors

Question 12

health system performance

Answer 12

acceptability 
accessibility
appropriateness
competence
continuity
effectiveness 
efficiency 
safety

Question 13

community and health system characteristics

Answer 13

community
health systems
resources

Question 14

built environment

Answer 14

the way we design and build our communities and neighbourhoods

Question 15

social capital

Answer 15

social networks and interactions that inspire trust and reciprocity among citizens

Question 16

genetics and the environment

Answer 16

links to education
vulnerable children in families living with poverty
relative level of disadvantage

Question 17

genetic endowment

Answer 17

appears to predispose certain individuals to particulate diseases or health problems

Question 18

epigenetics

Answer 18

the study of heritable changes in gene function that occur without alternations of the DNA sequence
the interaction between biology and our environments

Question 19

epigenetics addiction example

Answer 19

repeated adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) can lead to toxic stress, damaging brain architecture which creates faultlines
ACEs can lead to difficulty coping with stress and anxiety in adulthood
when faultlines are triggered by environmental stressors in a vulnerable brain, addiction can be the result

Question 20

environmental health

Answer 20

all aspects of human health, disease, and injury that are determined by factors in the environment

Question 21

environmental health assessment

Answer 21

performed to examine possible links between environmental exposure and health outcomes
process = risk assessment, risk management, risk communication

Question 22

health indicators data is obtained from

Answer 22

personal exposure history
environmental epidemiology
environmental indicators

Question 23

risk assessment

Answer 23

process used for describing and quantifying the level of exposure to particular substances/risk factors that will result in increased risks to health

Question 24

risk management

Answer 24

minimal and maximal intervention
need to evaluate management options
possible interventions range from increasing awareness up to regulation

Question 25

risk communication

Answer 25

process of making risk assessment and risk management information comprehensible and taking the necessary steps to distribute and present that information as appropriate for the target population

Question 26

risk communication process

Answer 26

determine distribution = who needs the information? what is their risk? what message needs to be communicated?
determine presentation = how will you present the message to your audience?

Question 27

health literacy

Answer 27

the ability to access, understand, evaluate, and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain, and improve health in a variety of settings across the life course

Question 28

ten tips for better health (donaldson)

Answer 28

don't smoke
balanced diet
physically active
manage stress 
drink moderately
cover up in the sun
safer sex
screen for cancer
safe on the roads
learn first aid

Question 29

ten tips for staying healthy (gordon)

Answer 29

don't be poor
don't have poor parents
own a car
don't work in a stressful/low paid job
don't live in low quality housing
be able to afford vacations
don't lose your job
take up all benefits 
don't live next to a busy road or factory
don't become homeless