Asthma/Ageing Flashcards
asthma
3rd most common chronic disease in canada
40 percent more prevalent among first nations than general population
kills approximately 250 canadians each year
what is asthma
a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the bronchial tubes
characterized by wheezing, coughing, tightness of chest, shortness of breath
risk factors
genetics
age at onset of disease
levels of allergen exposure
urban residence
exposure to air pollution, tobacco smoke, and environmental tobacco smoke
other environmental allergens = mould, dust, pollen, animal dander
recurrent respiratory tract viral infections
gastroesophageal reflux disease
obesity
common approach to care
tertiary prevention rescue medication (bronchodilators) = fast acting, usually inhaled, provide temporary relief of symptoms maintenance/controller medication (coricosteroids) = slower acting, can be inhaled or swallowed, used to prevent attacks/flare ups
individual effects of asthma
quality of life loss time at work/school physical activity limitations costs for management sense of control over health
sector/system effects of asthma
leading cause of hospital admission in canada ($250,728,024, indirect costs $646 million)
leading cause of absenteeism (school and work)
decreased productivity
recommendations target for asthma
professional associations
physicians, healthcare professionals and medical researchers
patients
health indicators for seniors
self-rated health psychological well-being disease incidence and prevalence disability days activity limitation major causes of death life expectancy at birth potential years of life lost
developmental disabilities in seniors
rate among canadians over 15 years in 2001 was 0.5% or 120,140 people
of these an about 44,770 were 45-64 years old and 11,080 were 65-74 years old
those with milder disabilities are living as long as the general population
this means that many adults with developmental disabilities are now outliving their parents
life expectancy
men who survive to age 65 can expect to live an additional 17.4 years
women who live to 65 can expect 20.8 years
men are more likely (59%) than women (52%) to have overall good health
female life expectancy = 84.9 years
male = 80.9 years
disease frequency
ageing and chronic disease
aging is an important marker of the accumulation of modifiable risks for chronic disease
impact of risk factors begins early in life and increases over life course
chronic disease
poor health and disability in older age is largely a consequence of chronic diseases and conditions (such as problems with vision and hearing) and injuries resulting from falls
differences in chronic disease
women more likely to have arthritis/rheumatism, cataracts/glaucoma and back problems
rates of heart disease, diabetes, cancer, the effects of stroke and alzheimers disease/dementia are higher among men
10-15% of seniors suffer from depressive symptoms and/or clinical depression
osteoporosis
associated with age and menopause
occurs more often in women
risk factors of osteoporosis
females increasing age white or asian estrogen deficiency low calcium intake degeneration of the cartilage
dementia
late life dementias = affect 8% of seniors over the age of 65 and more than 25% over 80
dementia was considered to be one of the greatest public health challenges of the coming generation
alzheimers
most common type of dementia
around 97,000 canadians develop alzheimers or a related disease
about 747,000 live with some form of cognitive impairment
activity limitations
implies ability to perform daily activities for oneself
strong relationship between self-perceived health and potential to carry out daily activities
in 2003 1 in 10 seniors over 75 needed someone else to help with their personal care
injury and outcome
injury = less likely to happen because fewer take part in activities they'd be injured in outcome = if they are injured they lose their independence and move into institutions
canadian longitudinal study on aging
large, national, long-term study
collect information on the changing biological, medical, psychological, social, and economic aspects of people’s lives
understand why, to look at how to maintain health and prevent the development of disease and disability as people age
definition of healthy aging
aims to optimize the well-being of all canadians as they age, including those who are frail, disabled, and in need of care
model of healthy aging
it is necessary for older people to play an active role in maintaining physical and mental health and to optimize their capacity until later life through promoting a healthy lifestyle
model of healthy aging rejects and requires
rejects = age-based stereotypes and counters the assumptions that ageing means decline into frailty and senility requires = motivation and expectations of aging to be healthy aging so they will participate in health promoting behaviours
results of expectations of aging
women believed the had poorer physical health
positive expectations regarding aging was associated with better physical and mental health
expectations regarding aging, and health promoting behaviour is needed to achieve health status outcomes
how to use the model of healthy aging
we focus on management and treatment but we need to focus on promotion and protection
need to understand seniors perception of health aging
living to an extreme age study
themes included
i am vital (i contribute to society)
i am diminished (invisible)
i am beholden to no one (personal autonomy)
have a good attitude to aging
look after your own body
study conclusions = stereotypes of old age should be challenged
alberta strategy on aging
financial security and income housing and aging in the right place continuing care healthy aging and health care transportation and mobility safety and security supportive communities access to government
role of nurse in context of population health specific to seniors
advocate (building coalitions and networks) community development role facilitator health educator (health threat response) leader (policy development and implementation) referral and follow-up role researcher/evaluator resource management coordinator (screening, surveillance)
