SeDoH's Flashcards
SeDoH’s
socio-ecological determinants of health
socio-ecological = an individuals interaction with their social circumstances and external environment
determinants of health = factors that influence the health status of individuals, communities, and society as a whole
why emphasize the social determinants of health?
they have a direct impact on health
they predict the greatest proportion of health status variance
they structure health behaviours
they interact with each other to produce health
vulnerable groups vs. marginalized groups
vulnerable = individual level, more likely than other populations to have adverse health outcomes marginalized = community level, experience fewer privileges, rights, access, and power as a result of their position within the political system and social structure
health indicators when it comes to income
standard of living family income retirement income low income incidence low income persistence net worth (wealth)
measures of income
LICO socioeconomic status housing core housing needs income distribution income disparities poverty
LICO
low income cutoffs
an income threshold where a family is likely to spend 20% more of its income on food, shelter, and clothing than the average family
what is included in socioeconomic status (SES)
income
education
occupation
core housing need
affordable
adequate
suitable
problems with housing in northern canada
higher cost of living
crowded dwellings
in need of repair
maslow’s hierarchy of needs
base to top physiological (housing fits here) safety love/belonging esteem (coping fits here) self-actualization
material poverty vs. social poverty
material = lack of money
social = lack of belonging
both pathways of poverty
poverty stigma
usually stigmatized by society
can be harmful
consequences can include = one feeling like a burden, isolation, substance use etc
conditions created by pathways of poverty
social hierarchy control/power society's perceptions poverty stigma social exclusion
human capital vs. social capital
human capital = cognitive and verbal ability may predict someone’s potential to participate in work force
social capital = healthy citizens that are engaged in their communities, creating social cohesion are more productive and have better overall wellbeing
education
level of educational attainment
literacy
health literacy
literacy
means more than knowing how to read, write, or calculate
involves understanding and being able to use the information required to function effectively
types of literacy
document
prose
numeracy
problem-solving
document
ability to find and use information in forms, charts, graphs and other ables
prose
the knowledge and skills required to understand and appropriately use information from print materials
numeracy
ability to use basic math skills in everyday life
problem-solving
the ability to think and act in situations for which no routine solution procedure is available
level of proficiency sccores
level 1= very poor literacy skills
level 2 = a capacity to deal only with simple, clear material involving uncomplicated tasks
level 3 = adequate to cope with the demands of everyday life and work in advanced society
levels 4 and 5 = strong skills
definition of health literacy
ability to access, understand, evaluate, and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain, and improve health in a variety of settings across the life-course
60% of adults lack health literacy
health literacy effects
direct effects = incorrect medication use, failure to comply with medical instructions, difficulty comprehending safety instructions
indirect effects = impacts other SeDoH’s
health literacy activities that need to happen
health promotion = enhance and maintain health
health protection = safeguard health of individuals and communities
disease prevention = take preventative measures and engage in early detection
health care and maintenance = seek care and for a partnership with healthcare providers
systems navigation = access needed services, understand rights
individual level indicators that show low health literacy
frequently missed appointments arriving without completing forms avoid referring to written information bringing family members to appointments claiming to have vision problems ignoring or misunderstanding instructions
personal coping skills
health practices and behaviours
actions by which individuals can prevent diseases and promote self-care, cope with challenges, and develop self-reliance, solve problems and make choices to enhance health
learning domains
cognitive
affective
psychomotor
developmental theory
explains how we develop across the lifespan and the factors that influence this process
piagets theory of cognitive development
refers to the manner in which people learn to think, reason, and use language
piagets four stages of cognitive development
sensorimotor = birth to two years
preoperational = two to seven years
concrete operational = seven to eleven years
formal operational = eleven to fifteen years
eriksons theory of psychosocial development
self concept = how someone perceives their appearance, values and beliefs which impacts their behaviours
a person is not born with a self concept but develops one as a result of social interactions
stages of eriksons psychosocial development
infancy = birth to 18 months early childhood = 2-3 years preschool = 3-5 school age = 6-11 adolescence = 12-18 young adulthood = 19-40 middle adulthood = 40-65 maturity = 65 to death
resilience
ability to rebound from adversity and overcome difficult circumstances
health belief model
predicts why people will take action individual beliefs perceived susceptibility and severity perceived benefits perceived barriers or costs perceived self efficacy cues to action modifying factors
perceived susceptibility
beliefs about the likelihood of getting a disease or condition or belief that a diagnosis of an illness is accurate
perceived severity
concerns about contracting or leaving an illness untreated
believes there are medical or social consequences
perceived benefits
behaviour change may occur if the client believes in the action or other positive outcomes will occur as a result of the action
perceived barriers or costs
refers to the complexity, duration, and accessibility of treatment
perceived self efficacy
belief that one can successfully execute the behaviour to produce the desired outcome
cues to action
cues that instigate action such as body events, environmental events or media publicity
modifying factors
include personal variables, patient satisfaction, and socio-demographic factors (age, gender) that enable or act as barriers for the action
TRA & TPB
theory of reasoned action and theory of planned behaviour
individual motivational factors determine the likelihood of performing a behaviour
behavioural intention predicted by = attitude towards behaviour, control over performing behaviour, social normative perceptions regarding the behaviour (similar to cues to action in health belief model)
where do we intervene to promote change?
consciousness raising environmental reevaluation helping relationships reinforcement management stimulus control social liberation self efficacy
transtheoretical model (TTM) and stages of change = prochaska
precontemplation = no intention to take action within the next six months contemplation = intends to take action within the next six months preparation = intends to take action within the next 30 days and has taken some steps towards action action = changed behaviour for less than six months maintenance = changed behaviour for more than six months termination = no temptation to relapse and 100% confidence
measures for community development
capacity
empowerment
participation
indicators of capacity
citizen participation increased social networks and support decreased isolation building relationships with those who control resources behavioural or structural change build on existing strenghs
empowerment
an active, involved process where people, groups, and communities move towards increased individual and community control, political efficacy, improved quality of community life and social justice
change measured at individual level and community level
readiness attitudes awareness knowledge action
community level change outcomes
capacity
empowerment
participation
