Cancer Flashcards
global cancer facts
2018 = 18 million new cases
incidence rate expected to rise by 26million by 2030
more than 60% of new annual cases occur in africa, asia, and central/south america (these regions account for 70% of cancer deaths)
cancer is leading cause of death worldwide
caused 9.5 million deaths in 2018
expected to rise to 22 million deaths per year in the next 2 decades
cancer in canada over the next 30 years
almost 6 million will develop it
3 million will die
over 38 million potential life years will be lost due to premature death
burden on healthcare system will continue to grow
alberta cancer 2017
19,865 new cases diagnosed
6,653 died
basics of cancer
collection of 200 diseases that fall into the same category
occurs when healthy cells live beyond their normal life cycle, do not die, and continue to grow out of control
as abnormal cells multiply they destroy normal healthy ones
most cancers named after organ or cell they begin in
how tumors are classified
by type of tissue they affect
carcinomas
leukemia/lymphoma
sarcoma
carcinomas
most common
affecting cells that line organs and cover the surface of the body
leukemia/lymphoma
cancers that affect the cells of the blood (leukemia) and immune system (lymphoma)
sarcoma
cancers that affect cells of bone, muscle and connective tissue
how cancer spreads
cells may metastasize to other parts of the body and continue to multiply
stage one of cancer
cancer is confined and has not spread to neighbouring tissue
stage two of cancer
cancer has spread beyond the original site but there is no lymph node involvement
stage three of cancer
cancer has spread beyond the original site to nearby lymph nodes but not to other parts of the body
stage four of cancer
cancer has spread to distant organs
treatment options
each type of cancer is treated differently because they don't all respond the same surgery radiation therapy chemotherapy biological therapy transplant
five-year relative survival ratio
ratio of the observed survival in a group of people diagnosed with cancer to the expected survival in a comparable group of people free from the cancer
how likely they are to survive at least five years compared to the general population
most prevalence calculations exclude
non-melanoma skin cancer because of its extremely good prognosis and minimum disability
priority one
decrease the risk of people getting cancer
protective interventions play a critical role
priority two
diagnose cancer faster, accurately, and at an earlier stage
essential to saving lives and reducing need for expensive treatment
priority three
deliver high-quality care in a sustainable, world-class system evidence-based and high-quality treatments
priority four
eliminate barriers to people getting the care they need
priority five
deliver information and supports for people living with cancer, families and caregivers
how to support the strategy
research
knowledge sharing
data
technology
three peoples specific priorities
culturally appropriate care closer to home
peoples-specific, self-determined cancer care
first nations, inut or metis-governed research and data systems
albertas cancer plans additional elements
develop strong cancer workforce to meet needs of patients and families
albertas cancer plans additional strategies
manage health system infrastructure to effectively support delivery of best practices in cancer care
support alberta for research
