SEDIMENTARY Flashcards
Solidification of unconsolidated deposits (sediments) at or near the surface of the earth.
sedimentary rock
What are unconsolidated deposits called?
Sediments
Sediment classification – weathering
Detrital
Sediment classification – organic synthesis or precipitation
Organic
Sediment classification
–
inorganic precipitation
Chemical
The process sediments undergo to become sedimentary rocks
Compaction and Cementation
What is the combination of processes that break up and corrode solid rock transforming into sediments?
Weathering
What is the weathering type that breaks solid rocks into grains or chunks of clasts?
Physical
Rocks or sediments suitable for plant growth modified by physical and chemical interaction with organic material and rainwater.
Soil
Removes and transports soil, rock, or
dissolved material from one location on the Earth’s crust
Erosion
Gravity, water current, wind, animals
Transport Agents
Sediment-filled depression due to subsidence
sedimentary basin
Minerals precipitate from groundwater at
pores and binds cements
cementation
Relics of past life left on bedding surfaces
Fossils
Conditions in which sediment was deposited
sedimentary environments
Give 2 organic sedimentary rocks
coal
limestone
oil shale
Describes the distribution of grain size of sediments
sorting
Controls the rock’s porosity and permeability
fabric
Degree to which a clast resembles a sphere
sphericity
Cemented solid fragments and grains from pre-existing rocks
clastic
Hardening of soft sediment into rock due to diagenesis
lithification
Sediments squeezed closer together
compaction
Occurs through compaction and cementation
diagenesis
Mud dries up after deposition
mud cracks
Sediments subjected to increasingly high temperatures and pressures and chemical changes.
burial
