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GEOL131A > Earthquake > Flashcards

Earthquake Flashcards

1
Q

episode of ground shaking caused by rock failure

A

Earthquake

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2
Q

parts of an earthquake

A

fault, epicenter, focus

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3
Q

smaller earthquakes, shortly before mainshock, near the mainshock

A

Foreshock

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4
Q

major earthquake

A

Mainshock

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5
Q

smaller earthquakes, days to years after mainshock, same general area with the mainshock

A

Aftershock

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6
Q

earthquake energy form that travels through rock and sediment

A

Seismic waves

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7
Q

parts of a seismic waves

A

amplitude, crest, period, wavelength, trough

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8
Q

travels through the Earth

A

Body Wave

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9
Q

first to arrive at station; compressional; solid, liquid, gas

A

P-Wave/Primary Wave

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10
Q

After P-Wave; shear; solid only

A

S-Wave/Secondary Wave

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11
Q

movement parallel to wave direction

A

Compressional

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12
Q

movement perpendicular to wave direction

A

Shear

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13
Q

travels along Earth’s surface

A

Surface Wave

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14
Q

parallel to surface, perpendicular to wave direction; side to side motion

A

Love Waves

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15
Q

near surface, circular motion: forward down, back up

A

Rayleigh Waves

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16
Q

instrument that records the seismic waves

A

Seismograph

17
Q

record of seismic waves

A

Seismogram

18
Q

measures amount of ground motion; assigned a numerical size to each earthquake

A

Richter scale

18
Q

measures amount of ground motion; directly related to the physical properties of the faulting that causes an earthquake

A

Moment magnitude scale

19
Q

measures severity of damage; may vary with location depending on damage assessment and shaking perception

A

Mercalli intensity scale

GEOL131A (10 decks)

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