Groundwater

Question 1

represents the largest reservoir of freshwater that is readily available to humans

Answer 1

Gorundwater

Question 2

near surface zone that wets the surface of grains and organic material making up the soil

Answer 2

Zone of soil moisture/soil zone

Question 3

zone where water clings toot tightly to the soil, sediment, and rock

Answer 3

Unsaturated zone

Question 4

zone where all of the open spaces in sediment and rock are completely filled with water

Answer 4

Saturation zone

Question 5

upper limit of the zone of saturation

Answer 5

water table

Question 6

shape replicates the surface and changes depending on rainwater supply

Answer 6

Water table

Question 7

percentage of the total volume of rock or sediment that consists of pore spaces that can store groundwater

Answer 7

Porosity

Question 8

ability of a material to transmit fluid along connected and large pores

Answer 8

Permeability

Question 9

impermeable layers that hinder or prevent water movement (clay)

Answer 9

Aquitard

Question 10

permeable rock strata or sediments that transmit groundwater freely (sand and gravel)

Answer 10

Aquifer

Question 11

downward movement due to pull of gravity

Answer 11

Unsaturated zone

Question 12

moves downward, sideway, upward due to the pressure and pull of gravity

Answer 12

Saturated zone

Question 13

energy from elevation and pressure which causes water to flow

Answer 13

Hydraulic head

Question 14

groundwater flows from ___ hydraulic head to ___ hydraulic head

Answer 14

higher to lower

Question 15

water enters the ground via downward flow of direction

Answer 15

Recharge area

Question 16

water flows back up the surface

Answer 16

Discharge area

Question 17

groundwater flow factors

Answer 17

1. complex, crooked network pathway
2. friction with surrounding rocks
3. water table slope
4. material permeability

Question 18

natural outlets from which groundwater flows

Answer 18

Spring

Question 19

holes that people dig or drill

Answer 19

Well

Question 20

groundwater flow when water table intersects the ground surface

Answer 20

spring

Question 21

formed by:
1. circulating groundwater at higher depths
2. heated water rise to surface

Answer 21

Hot spring

Question 22

ejects water with great force at various intervals that may release steam

Answer 22

Geyser

Question 23

hole bored into the zone of saturation where groundwater moves to the surface

Answer 23

Well

Question 24

depression in the water table due to continuous well pumping

Answer 24

Drawdown

Question 25

penetrates confined aquifers in which water is under enough pressure to rise on its own above the surface of the aquifer

Answer 25

Artesian well

Question 26

formed due to groundwater erosion

Answer 26

Caverns

Question 27

formed due to groundwater dissolution

Answer 27

Karst topography

Question 28

created at or below the water table in the zone of saturation

Answer 28

Cavern

Question 29

calcium carbonate left by endless dripping of water of caverns above the water table in the unsaturated zone

Answer 29

Travertine

Question 30

hanging from the ceiling of the cavern formed where water seeps through cracks above

Answer 30

Stalactites

Question 31

develops on the floor of a cavern reaching to the ceiling

Answer 31

Stalagmites

Question 32

irregular depressions common in karst areas

Answer 32

sinkhole

Question 33

isolated steep sided hills that rise abruptly from the ground

Answer 33

tower karst