Sedatives & Tranquilizers Flashcards
What are the three main classes of Sedatives/tranquilizers?
a2 agonists/antagonists
benzodiazepines
phenothiazines
With sedatives, you loose spinal reflexes. T/F
false
A2 adrenergic agonists cause sedation in CNS via acting on what region of the brain?
What do they act on to cause sedation peripherally?
locus coeruleus
spinal cord
With drugs that have a1 activity, what adverse response can be observed?
paradoxial excitement
Which drug is administered commonly as a paste to equines?
detomidine
Which A2 agonist is partial? What is it commonly used for?
clonidine-fear in dogs
What adverse effects are associated with yohimbine?
transient CNS excitation
increased respiraiton
muscle tremors
What drug is FDA approved for xylazine reversal in horses?
tolazoline
What drug is both an a1-a2 anatagonist?
tolazoline
what is the MOA for benzodiazepines?
agonist of GABA receptor
What are the general side effects of benzodiazepines?
sedation not predictable
min CV effects
mild-dose dependent respiratory depression
appetite stimulant in cats
What are the general uses for benzodiazepines?
anxiolytic (reduce anxiety)
muscle relaxant
seizures
What are common adverse effects of benzodiazepines?
sedation, altered behavior, respiratory depression
Which drug has a higher affinity for the GABA receptor diazepam or midazolam?
midazolam
High first pass effect: name a A2 agonist & benzodiazepine & phenothiazines?
A2- detomidine
benzodiazepine- lorazepam
phenothiazines-chlorpromazine
What two A2 agonist drugs have both sedative and analgesic properties?
xylazine & detomidine
Describe MOA of phenothiazines in CNS and peripherally?
central- block dopamine
perpheral- block alpha adrenegic receptors
What A2 agonist is an emetic?
xylazine in dogs and cats
Sides effects of phenothiazines?
hypotension
vasodilation
minimal respiratory depression
anti-emetic
What phenothiazine is not recommended in equines due to increased agitation, excitement & aggression?
chlorpromazine
When would I use chlorpromazine over acepromazine?
want a less potent but longer acting agent
What are the uses of ace and chlorpromazine?
pre-anesthetic, anti-motion sickness
What is different between ace and chlorpromazine in terms of MOI?
ace- both dopamine receptor central and a1 perpheral antagonist
chlorpromazine- only dopamine receptor central antagonist