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Pharmacology > Sedatives & Tranquilizers > Flashcards

Sedatives & Tranquilizers Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main classes of Sedatives/tranquilizers?

A

a2 agonists/antagonists

benzodiazepines

phenothiazines

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2
Q

With sedatives, you loose spinal reflexes. T/F

A

false

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3
Q

A2 adrenergic agonists cause sedation in CNS via acting on what region of the brain?

What do they act on to cause sedation peripherally?

A

locus coeruleus

spinal cord

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4
Q

With drugs that have a1 activity, what adverse response can be observed?

A

paradoxial excitement

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5
Q

Which drug is administered commonly as a paste to equines?

A

detomidine

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6
Q

Which A2 agonist is partial? What is it commonly used for?

A

clonidine-fear in dogs

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7
Q

What adverse effects are associated with yohimbine?

A

transient CNS excitation

increased respiraiton

muscle tremors

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8
Q

What drug is FDA approved for xylazine reversal in horses?

A

tolazoline

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9
Q

What drug is both an a1-a2 anatagonist?

A

tolazoline

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10
Q

what is the MOA for benzodiazepines?

A

agonist of GABA receptor

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11
Q

What are the general side effects of benzodiazepines?

A

sedation not predictable

min CV effects

mild-dose dependent respiratory depression

appetite stimulant in cats

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12
Q

What are the general uses for benzodiazepines?

A

anxiolytic (reduce anxiety)

muscle relaxant

seizures

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13
Q

What are common adverse effects of benzodiazepines?

A

sedation, altered behavior, respiratory depression

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14
Q

Which drug has a higher affinity for the GABA receptor diazepam or midazolam?

A

midazolam

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15
Q

High first pass effect: name a A2 agonist & benzodiazepine & phenothiazines?

A

A2- detomidine

benzodiazepine- lorazepam

phenothiazines-chlorpromazine

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16
Q

What two A2 agonist drugs have both sedative and analgesic properties?

A

xylazine & detomidine

17
Q

Describe MOA of phenothiazines in CNS and peripherally?

A

central- block dopamine

perpheral- block alpha adrenegic receptors

18
Q

What A2 agonist is an emetic?

A

xylazine in dogs and cats

19
Q

Sides effects of phenothiazines?

A

hypotension

vasodilation

minimal respiratory depression

anti-emetic

20
Q

What phenothiazine is not recommended in equines due to increased agitation, excitement & aggression?

A

chlorpromazine

21
Q

When would I use chlorpromazine over acepromazine?

A

want a less potent but longer acting agent

22
Q

What are the uses of ace and chlorpromazine?

A

pre-anesthetic, anti-motion sickness

23
Q

What is different between ace and chlorpromazine in terms of MOI?

A

ace- both dopamine receptor central and a1 perpheral antagonist

chlorpromazine- only dopamine receptor central antagonist

Pharmacology (7 decks)

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