Antibiotics Introduction/Basic Classes

Question 1

Beta-lactam abx

Answer 1

Pen-G
cephalosporins
carbepenem

Question 2

aminoglycosides

Answer 2

gentamycin & amicacyn

Question 3

phenicols

Answer 3

chloramphenicol (SA)

florphenicol (LA)

Question 4

lincosamine

Answer 4

lincomycin

Question 5

tetracyclins

Answer 5

oxytetracyclin

doxicyclin

Question 6

fluoroquinolones

Answer 6

enrofloxacin

marbofloxacin

Question 7

macrolides

Answer 7

clindamycin
azithromycin
tylosin

Question 8

polypeptide

Answer 8

vancomycin
bacitracin
polymixin

Question 9

potentiated sulphonamides

Answer 9

sulfas

trimethoprim

Question 10

What species do we use rifampin in?

Answer 10

horses

Question 11

What species do we use metronidazole for?

Answer 11

dogs & cats

Question 12

What are the four main targets for Abx?

Answer 12

1. cell wall/outer membrane
2. ribosomal protein synthesis
3. NA metabolism
4. biochemical pathways

Question 13

What factors should you use when determining which Abx to use?

Answer 13

1. microorganism
2. Abx resistance
3. site of infection
4. animal species, production purpose
5. dose, freq, route administration

Question 14

What do you want to increase dosing frequency or concentration with macrolides/b-lactams? with fluoroquinolones?

Answer 14

m/b-lactam: time-dependent agents- increase dosing frequency

f: concentration-dependent agents- increase dose

Question 15

If I double the dose of a abx, what happens to the Cmax and T1/2?

Answer 15

double Cmax

add one T1/2

Question 16

How much higher of the MIC should the Cmax be for concentration-dependent agents?

Answer 16

8-10x MIC

Question 17

How long should plasma levels of abx exceed MIC in time-dependent agents for max efficacy?

Answer 17

30% -50% of inter-dosing interval