GI drugs Flashcards
What are the main ways gastric ulceration can be prevented?
antacids: sodium bicarbonate
H2 inhibitors: ranitidine & famotidine
H:K ATPase proton pump inhibitors: omeprazole
mucosal coating chelating & complexing agents: sucralfate
What drugs are contraindicated with antacids?
enrofloxacin & tetracyclines- chelate divalent ions suchs as antacids Calcium carbonate, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium oxide
Name the H2 inhibitors?
ranitidine
famotidine
Name two major differences between ranitidine and famotidine?
ranitidine- can interfere with liver CP450 and is a prokinetic
Name the proton pump inhibitors?
omeprazole
pantoprazole
lansoprazole
Which PPI is best for treating ulcers?
omeprazole (prilosec)
Which PPI is given IV for anorexic patient that is expensive?
pantoprazole (protonix)
Which PPI is formulated as a oral suspension with bicarbonate for small dogs?
lansoprazole (prevacid)
What drugs can inhibit the absorption of enrofloxacin?
antacids & sulcralfate (carafate) (contains aluminum a divalent cation)
Sulcralfate (carafate) MOA
prodrug is converted to a sugar polymer by acid in the stomach that coats the stomach lesions
What are the two locations in the brain associated with emesis? What are the receptor associated with each?
chemoreceptor trigger zone (floor of ventricle in dorsal medulla): 7 R- D2, 5HT3, H1,2, M1, a2, ENK, NK1 vomiting center (reticular formation): 3R a2, 5HT1a, NK1
What are two commonly used emetics?
apomorphine (dogs»cats)
dexmeditomidine /xylazine in cats
What are the anti-emetics that act on the CRTZ
metoclopramide (D2), ondansetron (5HT3), maropitant (NK1)
What are the anti-emetics that act on vomiting center?
chlorpromazine
maropitant
What class of motion sickness drugs do not work in cats?
H1 inhibitors (diphenhydramine-benadryl)
What drug acts on the vestibular apparatus to inhibit H1 R for motion-sickness tx?
diphenhydramine aka benadryl
Which has a more potent prokinetic action in GI tract metoclopramide (reglan) or cisapride (propulsid) ? Why
more effective: cisapride- acts via release Ach from myenteric plexus through SM of SI
MCP: 5HT4 agonist- increase tone of LES and relax pylorus for more gastric emptying
Which antibiotic has prokinetic effects?
erythromycin- motilin agonist
What are two anti-diarrheals that promote segmental mixing via the mu receptor agonism?
loperamide
diphenoxalate
What probiotic species does fortiflora have? Prostora max?
fortiflora- enterococcus faecium
prostora max-bifidobacterium animalis
