Sedatives / Anxiolytics

Question 1

Alprazolam

Answer 1

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Medium

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Question 2

Clorazepate

Answer 2

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Long

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Question 3

Diazepam

Answer 3

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Long

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Question 4

Flurazepam

Answer 4

Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Long

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Question 5

Lorazepam

Answer 5

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Medium

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

(Age independent)

Question 6

Midazolam

Answer 6

Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Question 7

Oxazepam

Answer 7

Benzodiazepine Anxiolytic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Medium

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

(Age independent)

Question 8

Tamazepam

Answer 8

Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Medium

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Question 9

Triazolam

Answer 9

Benzodiazepine Sedative-Hypnotic
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening
Duration: Short

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Question 10

Flunitrazepam

Answer 10

Benzodiazepine
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing frequency of Cl- channel opening

Rx: relief of anxiety and/or insomnia

Date-rape drug

Question 11

Eszopiclone

Answer 11

Benzodiazepine-like Z-drug
MOA: bind to GABA-A receptor (alpha1 subunit isoform) more selectively than benzodiazepines

Rapidly Acting

Question 12

Zolpidem

Answer 12

Benzodiazepine-like Z-drug
MOA: bind to GABA-A receptor (alpha1 subunit isoform) more selectively than benzodiazepines

Rapidly Acting

Question 13

Pentobarbital

Answer 13

Barbituate
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening
duration

Rx: medically induced coma

Question 14

Phenobarbital

Answer 14

Barbituate
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening

Rx: anticonvulsant

Question 15

Flumazenil

Answer 15

Benzodiazepine Antagonist
MOA: competitive inhibitor that binds to benzodiazepine receptor

Rx: terminate benzodizepine-induced sedation; Dx and Tx of benzo-toxicity

Question 16

Thiopental

Answer 16

Barbituate
MOA: Potentiates GABA effects by increasing duration of Cl- channel opening

Rx: anesthesia

Question 17

Ramelteon

Answer 17

Melatonin Receptor Agonist
MOA: MT1 (sleep onset), MT2 (circadian pattern) melatonin receptor agonist

Rx: insomina mgmt.

Question 18

Buspirone

Answer 18

Partial 5-HT(1A) Receptor Agonist
MOA: 5HT-1A receptors -> ↓ neuronal excitability, firing frequency, 5-HT release

Non-sedating anxyiolytic
(Doesn’t affect driving skills)

Question 19

Propranol

Answer 19

Beta-Blocker

MOA: ↓ somatic manifestations of anxiety (stage fright)

Question 20

Hydroxyzine

Answer 20

Antihistamine
MOA: anxiolytic via a sedative action

Rx: mild sedative/relaxant

Question 21

Diphenhydramine

Answer 21

Antihistamine
MOA: anxiolytic via a sedative action

Rx: mild sedative/relaxant

Question 22

Ethanol

Answer 22

Alcohol

Anxiolytic via sedative action