CNS Stimulants Flashcards
Doxapram
Respiratory Stimulant
MOA: increases tidal volume and respiratory rate (binds to carotid chemoreceptor and medullary respiratory center)
Rx: counteract post-anesthetic respiratory depression
Caffeine
Methylxanthine
Rx: Apnea of prematurity
Theophylline
Methylxanthine
MOA: relaxes bronchial smooth muscle
Rx: COPD, asthma
Amphetamine
Psychomotor stimulant
MOA: inhibits DA, NE, 5-HT transporters and interferes w/ presynaptic vesicular monamine transporter (DA, NE release)
Rx: narcolepsy, ADHD, short-term weight loss
Methamphetamine
Psychomotor stimulant
Amphetamine analogue
Dexamphetamine
Psychomotor stimulant
Amphetamine analogue
Methylphenidate
Psychomotor stimulant
Amphetamine analogue
Rx: ADHD, narcolepsy
Cocaine
Psychomotor stimulant
MOA: inhibition of DA transporter (and NE, 5-HT transporters)
Rx: topical anesthetic in eye and nasal surgery
Affects reward pathway: Ventral Tegmental Area
Atomoxetine
NE reuptake inhibitor
Rx: ADHD
Modafinil
Pyschomotor Stimulant
MOA: activates histamine neurons of TMN in hypothalamus (promotes attention, awakeness)
Rx: narcolepsy, sleep disorders, ADHD
SE: not used in children b/c of skin rashes
Amphetamine salts
CNS Stimulant
Rx: ADHD
Dextroamphetamine
CNS Stimulant
Rx: ADHD
Atomoxetine
Non-stimulant
MOA: selective NE re-uptake blockade
Clonidine
Non-stimulant Alpha2 agonist (increase blood flow to prefrontal cortex)
Rx: reduce disruptive behavior, control aggression, improve sleep
Adjunct Tx
Antidepressants
Non-stimulants
TCAs, MAOIs, bupropion
