Sedatives Flashcards
Define the term neuroleptic
Relates specifically to the effects of phenothiazines or butyrophenones in the CNS
Define the term neuroleptanalgesia
Relates to the combination of a neuroleptic acid, an opioid and buprenorphine
What are the 4 classes of sedatives?
Alpha-2-agonists
Phenothiazines
Butyrophenones
Benzodiazepines
What are the ROA of alpha-2 agonists?
IV IM Subcutaneously Epidurally Orally
Which is the shortest acting alpha-2-agonist?
Xylazine
Which are the longest acting alpha-2-agonists in small animals?
Medetomidine and dexmetomidine
Which are the longest acting alpha-2-agonists in large animals?
Detomidine and romfidine
Which ROA of alpha-2 agonists has the longest duration?
Intra-muscular
What are the main effects of alpha-2 agonists?
Sedation
Analgesia
Muscle relaxation
Which antagonist for alpha-2 agonists is licenced in dogs and cats?
Atipamezole
Which drugs is the only licenced phenothiazine?
Acepromazine
Phenothiazine has the highest efficacy of action at which receptor?
Alpha-1-adrenoreceptor –> vasodilation
What is important to note in regards to administration and time of effects of acepromazine (phenothiazine)?
Acepromazine takes a long time to start working no matter how it is administered and its effects last for a long time
What are the main effects of butyrophenones?
Sedation
Muscle relaxation
Anti-emetic
Anti-histamine
What are the 2 ROA of butyrophenones?
Intraperitoneal
Intramuscular
