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Y2 CNS > The hypothalamus > Flashcards

The hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

What is the hypothalamus a control centre for?

A

The entire homeostatic system of the body

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2
Q

Which part of the brain is the hypothalamus a part of?

A

The forebrain

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3
Q

What 3 parts is the forebrain divided into?

A
  • Hypothalamus
  • Telencephalon
  • Diencephalon
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4
Q

Which system is involved in behaviour control?

A

Limbic

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5
Q

What are the functions of the hypothalamus?

A
  • Regulation of hormones
  • Flight or fight
  • Circadian rhythm
  • Regulation of blood volume and thirst
  • Regulation of appetite
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6
Q

The limbic structures surround which part of the brain?

A

Corpus callosum

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7
Q

The limbic system is highly interconnected coordinating what 3 things?

A

Homeostasis
Motivation
Emotion

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8
Q

Which hormone is produced by the anterior hypothalamus?

A

Corticotropic releasing hormone

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9
Q

Which hormone is produced by cell bodies in the posterior hypothalamus?

A

Vasopressin

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10
Q

How is the hypothalamus involved in the fight or flight response?

A

Physiological stimuli cause the hypothalamus to excite the sympathetic NS and cause blood pressure responses

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11
Q

Which nucleus of the hypothalamus is involved in arousal and circadian rhythm ?

A

Superchiasmic nucleus

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12
Q

How does the hypothalamus control temperature, fluid balance, metabolism, pH, etc?

A

Negative feedback loops

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13
Q

What changes occur in response to an increased temperature?

A
  • Switching off thermogenesis
  • Vasodilation
  • Panting
  • Sweating
  • Behavioural modifications
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14
Q

Which hormones from the posterior hypothalamus work on the kidney and cause vasoconstriction and fluid retention?

A

Vasopressin

Oxytocin

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15
Q

Where do appetite signals to the hypothalamus come from?

A

Fat tissue and the gut

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16
Q

Which hormone turns appetite off and which switches it on?

A 
Off = Leptin
On = Ghrelin
17
Q

When can an energy imbalance be adaptive?

A
  • Hibernation
  • Migration
  • Reproduction and lactation
18
Q

Name the two theories of how appetite is controlled

A

Lipostat theory

Glucostat theory

19
Q

Describe the Lipostat theory

A
  • Leptin is secreted by fat cells, the bigger the fat cell, the more they make
  • Leptin acts on neurones in the hypothalamus to regulate eating: lessen hunger
  • Results in a decrease in fat tissue: provides a negative feedback mechanism
20
Q

Describe the glucostat theory

A
  • Short term regulation of hunger

- When glucose goes up, hunger goes down

Y2 CNS (12 decks)

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