Analgesia pharmacology Flashcards
Why does acute pain rapidly alter the animals behaviours?
- To minimise damage
- Optimise conditions in which healing can take place
- Stops when healing is complete
What is the acronym for the drugs used to treat acute pain?
NO PLAN: NSAIDs Opioids Paracetamol Local anaesthetics Alpha-2-agonists NMDA antagonists (ketamine)
What are NSAIDs?
Any drugs that is anti-inflammatory that isn’t a steroid
What do NSIADs inhibit?
COX 1 and 2
What are the effects of using NSAIDs?
Analgesia
Anti-inflammatory
Anti-pyrexia
Treatment of some cancers
What are the 3 opioid receptors?
Mu
Kappa
Delta
What are the main drugs for analgesia, give examples
Full Mu agonists
- Morphine
- Methadone
- Pethidine
- Fentanyl
Which drug is a partial Mu agonist?
Buprenorphine
Which drugs is a Mu antagonist?
Butorphanol
Opioids have their main analgesic effects via?
The dorsal horn of the spinal cord
How do opioids cause analgesia?
Help reduce the release of excitatory neurotransmitters at nerve endings
What are the side effects of opioid use?
- Bradycardia
- Respiratory depression
- Reduced GI motility
- Excitement
- Dysphoria
- Euphoria
- Vomiting
How can paracetamol be administered?
IV
PO (oral)
Which acute analgesia drug cannot be used in cats?
Paracetamol
What are the two groups of anaesthetic drugs, which has a longer duration of action?
Amides and esters
Amides
