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Pharmacology > Sedative Hypnotic Drugs > Flashcards

Sedative Hypnotic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is a sedative?

A

Reduces anxiety
Calming effect
Minimum CNS depression consistent with its therapeutic efficacy

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2
Q

What is a hypnotic?

A

Drowsiness
Onset and maintenance of sleep
More pronounced CNS depression

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3
Q

What are the GABA receptor effects of Benzodiazepines and Barbiturates?

A

Benzodiazepine: Frequence
Barbiturates: Duration

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4
Q

Major inhibitory and excitatory NT?

A

Inbihitory: GABA(in), GLYC(in)E
Excitatory: ex-GLUTAMIC ACID, ex-ASPARTIC ACID (ACIDex)

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5
Q

What are the available short-acting benzodiazepines?

A 
MOB-ET
Midazolam
Oxazepam
Brotizolam
Etizolam
Triazolam
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6
Q

What is the MOA of benzodiazepines?

A

it binds to GABA-A receptor subunits to increase frequency of chloride channel opening -> membrane hyperpolarization

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7
Q

What are the common SE of short-term BZD?

A

Rebound insomnia/anxiety

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8
Q

What are the available intermediate-acting BZD?

A 
CALL-NET
Clonazepam
Alprazolam
Lorazepam
Lormetazepam
Nitrazepam
Estazolam
Temazepam
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9
Q

Which drugs suppress seizures with no associated marked sedation?

A

Clonazepam

Phenobarbital

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10
Q

What is the preferred drug for status epilepticus?

A

Lorazepam, long distribution halflife

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11
Q

What abnormal sleep pattern results from the use of benzodiazepines?

A

Decreased REM sleep

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12
Q

Which BZD are used for status epilepticus?

A

Lora-Diaz
Lorazepam
Diazepam

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13
Q

Which BZD is used for anesthetic induction?

A

Mida-Diaz
Midazolam
Diazepam

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14
Q

Which BZD has the longest half-life?

A

Chlorodiazepoxide (36-200 hours)

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15
Q

What are the date-rape drugs?

A

FAG
Flunitrazepam
Alcohol
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate

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16
Q

What is the toxic does of BZD?

Treatment?

A

1000x the therapeutic dose

Antidote: flumazenil (receptor antagonist)

17
Q

What is the MOA of barbiturates?

A

Bind to GABA-A receptors -> inc duration of Cl channel opening -> block glutamic acid NT

18
Q

What are the available ultra-short acting barbiturates?

A

Thiopental
Methohexital
Thiamylal

19
Q

Which drug has the highest lipid solubility, entering the CNS in less than 1 minute?

A

Thiopental

20
Q

What are the available long-acting barbiturates?

A

Primidone
Phenobarbital
Mephobarbital

21
Q

What is the enzyme deficient in acute intermittent porphyria?

A

HMB synthase

22
Q

What is the most catastrophic symptom of sedative-hypnotic withdrawal?

A

Rebound suicide

23
Q

What are the drugs belonging to Imidazopyridine class?

A

Zolpidem
Zaleplon
Eszopiclone

24
Q

What is the MOA of Buspirone?

A

Partial agonist at 5HT1A and D2 receptors

25
Q

What is the MOA of Ramelteon?

A

Activates melatonin receptors (MT1, MT2) in the suprachiasmatic nuclei in the CNS -> decreased latency of sleep onset

Pharmacology (8 decks)

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