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Pharmacology 2 > Sedative Hypnotic Drug > Flashcards

Sedative Hypnotic Drug Flashcards

1
Q

Major excitatory neurotransmitters

A

Glutamic acid

Aspartic acid

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2
Q

MOA of benzodiazepines

A

Binds GABA-alpha receptor subunits to increase FREQUENCY of chloride channel opening
Membrane hyperpolarization

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3
Q

Short acting benzodiazepines

A 
Midazolam
Brotizolam
Triazolam
Oxazepam
Etizolam
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4
Q

Intermediate acting benzodiazepines

A 
Lorazepam 
Alprazolam
Clonazepam
Estazolam
Lormetazepam
Nitrazepam
Temazepam
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5
Q

Long acting benzodiazepines

A

Diazepam
Flunetrazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Chlorazepate

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6
Q

Benzodiazepine with longest half life

A

Chlordiazepoxide. 36-200 hours

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7
Q

Date rape drugs

A

Alcohol (most common)
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate

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8
Q

Anticonvulsant maintenance

A

Clonazepam

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9
Q

Status epilepticus

A

Lorazepam

Diazepam

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle relaxation

A

Diazepam

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11
Q

Panic disorders, phobias

A

Alprazolam

Clonazepam

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12
Q

Insomnia

A

Estazolam
Flurazepam
Triazolam

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13
Q

Anesthesia induction

A

Midazolam

Diazepam

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14
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Clonazepam

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15
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Chlordiazepoxide

Diazepam

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16
Q

Tx for benzodiazepine overdose

A

Flumazenil

Activated charcoal is useless

17
Q

Benzodiazepine antagonist

A

Flumazenil

18
Q

Ultra Short acting barbiturates

A

Thiopental
Methohexital
Thiamylal

19
Q

Short and intermediate acting barbiturates

A

Pentobarbital
Secobarbital
Amobarbital

20
Q

Long acting barbiturates

A

Phenobarbital
Mephobarbital
Primidone

21
Q

MOA of barbiturates

A

Bind to GABA-alpha receptor sites, increases DURATION of chloride channel opening

22
Q

Barbiturate used in treatment of Gilbert’s syndrome (hyperbilirubenemias)

A

Phenobarbital

23
Q

MOA and use of Zolpidem

A

Bind selectively to a subgroup of GABA-alpha receptors, use for insomnia only
Similar drugs are Zaleplon and Eszopiclone

24
Q

Drug for generalized anxiety disorder

A

Buspirone

25
Q

Major inhibitory neurotransmitters

A

GABA

Glycine

26
Q

Capacity of alcohol metabolism per hour

A

7-10 g

27
Q

Responsible for metabolism of ethanol at blood levels higher than 100 mg/dl

A

Microsomal ethanol oxidizing system

28
Q

Inhibits aldehyde dehydrogenase

A

Disulfiram
Metronidazole
Oral hypoglycemics
Some cephalosporins

29
Q

Blood alcohol concentration with impairment of driving ability

A

60-80 mg/dl, 60 is legally drunk in PH

30
Q

Blood alcohol concentration producing coma

A

300-400

Death at >500 mg/dl

31
Q

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Ataxia
Confusion
Ophthalmoplegia-paralysis of EOM
Thiamine administration is used to treat

32
Q

Delirium tremens

A 
HAD 48
Hallucinations 
Autonomic instability 
Delirium 
48-72 hours post-discontinuation
33
Q

DOC for alcohol withdrawal syndrome

A

Long acting benzodiazepines
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Short acting is preferred in patients with compromised liver function

34
Q

Used in treatment of alcoholism

A

Naltrexone
Acamprosate
Disulfiram

35
Q

Treatment of methanol poisoning

A

Ethanol

Fomepizole

36
Q

Inhibitor of alcohol dehydrogenase

A

Fomepizole

Used in methanol and ethylene glycol poisoning

Pharmacology 2 (9 decks)

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