Diuretics Flashcards
Major site of NaCl and NaHCO3 reabsorption (60-70%)
PCT
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Acetazolamide, dorzolamide, brinzolamode, dichlorphenamide, methazolamide
Used in mountain sickness
Acetazolamide
Loop diuretics
Furosemide, bumetanide, torsemide, ethacryonic acid
MOA of loop diuretics
Inhibit Na/K/2Cl transporter in thick ascending loop of Henle
Loop diuretics toxicities
OH DANG Ototoxicity Hypokalemia Dehydration Allergy to sulfa Nephritis Gout
Thiazide diuretics
Hydrochlorothiazide, chlorthalidone, indapamide, metolazone
MOA of thiazides
Inhibit Na/Cl teansporter in DCT
SE of Thiazide diuretics
HYPER GLUC
Hyper - glycemia, lipidemia, uremia, calcemia
Potassium-sparing diuretics
STAE Spironolactone Triamterene Amiloride Eplerenone
Site of action of spironolactone
Cortical collecting ducts
MOA of spironolactone
Steroid inhibitor of cytoplasmic aldosterone receptor in cortical collecting ducts
Reduce K excretion
MOA of Amiloride and Triamterene
Inhibit ENaC (epithelial sodium channels) in cortical collecting ducts, reduces Na reabsorption and K excretion
Spironolactone uses
Hyperaldosteronism
Hypertension
Heart failure
Hypokalemia
SE of spironolactone
Hyperkalemia Gynecomastia Impotence BPH Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis
Drugs that can cause gynecomastia
Some Drugs Create Awesome Knockers Spironolactone Digoxin Cimetidine Alcohol Ketoconazole
Osmotic diuretics
Mannitol
Glycerin
Isosorbide
Urea
Uses of mannitol
Rhabdomyolysis
Hemolysis
Increased ICP
Acute glaucoma
ADH agonists
Desmopressin
ADH antagonists
Conivaptan Tolvaptan Lixivaptan Demeclocycline Lithium
Drug for central diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin
Drugs for SIADH, hyponatremia?
Conivaptan (ADH antagonists)
Diuretics that cause acidosis? Alkalosis?
Acetazolamide and spironolactone- acidosis
Furosemide and hydrochlorothiazide - alkalosis
Site of action of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
PCT
