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Gobbets > Secularization and Religious Alternatives (Detailed) > Flashcards

Secularization and Religious Alternatives (Detailed) Flashcards

1
Q

Who wrote “Observations: The Trend of Current Though and Discussion-White and Black Hypocrites”?

A

Kelly Miller

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2
Q

Who was Kelly Miller?

A

African American mathematician, sociologist, essayist, and newspaper columnist

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3
Q

Who was known as the “Bard of the Potomac”?

A

Kelly Miller

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4
Q

Who wrote an open letter in 1917 to Woodrow Wilson in the Baltimore Afro-American against lynching?

A

Kelly Miller

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5
Q

Where was Kelly Miller in the education debate?

A

Sought a middle way

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6
Q

What was “Observations: The Trend of Current Thought and Discussion”?

A

An article in the Chicago Defender, published 1929

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7
Q

What is the message of “Observations”?

A

That black christians who violate the creed hypocritically denounce white christians

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8
Q

Who wrote “Black America Begins to Doubt”?

A

George Schuyler

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9
Q

Who was George Schuyler?

A

African American journalist

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10
Q

What was “Black America Begins to Doubt”?

A

An article in The American Mercury

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11
Q

What is the point of “Black America Begins to Doubt”?

A

The Negro church is falling in membership and importance

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12
Q

What 4 points does Schuyler make to support his thesis in “Black America Begins to Doubt”?

A
  • Membership is at a standstill
  • Financial support is being withdrawn
  • Prestige is waning
  • Criticism is growing
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13
Q

According to “Black America Begins to Doubt”, what is the main money problem for the African American church?

A

The large total of African American church indebtedness

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14
Q

According to “Black America Begins to Doubt”, why is the rural African American church dying?

A
  • Ignorant preachers
  • Migration
  • Extension of the rural school system
  • Better transport
  • Fewer youthful recruits
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15
Q

In “Black America Begins to Doubt”, what is the principle function of the rural African American church?

A

To keep the Negroes docile under the excessive exploitation of their white Christian masters

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16
Q

In “Black America Begins to Doubt”, who does Schuyler compare to the Romanovs?

A

The number of individuals who are competent enough to cope with the many problems facing the rural Negro church

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17
Q

In “Black America Begins to Doubt”, what does Schuyler compare the illiteracy of urban preachers to?

A

“No more religion than Stalin”

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18
Q

According to “Black America Begins to Doubt”, what are young African Americans turning to?

A

Communism

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19
Q

Who wrote “Things Nobody Believes, A Lesson in religion”?

A

William Pickens

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20
Q

Who was William Pickens?

A

An African American journalist and essayist

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21
Q

What was “Things Nobody Believes”?

A

An article in The Messenger, published 1923

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22
Q

According to “Things Nobody Believes”, what do intelligent people not believe?

A

Half of what an “orthodox” preacher says

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23
Q

Give 5 examples of things cited in “Things Nobody Believes”

A
  • Adam was made out of nothing
  • Mohammed was more than simply energetic
  • The Whale swallowed Jonah and he survived
  • There are material heavens and hells located somewhere
  • The Red Sea parted
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24
Q

Who wrote “Who Is Friend of Negro- God or Darrow?””

A

Rev. A. Wendall Ross

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25
Q

What was “Who Is Friend of Negro”?

A
  • An article in the Pittsburgh Courier, published in 1931

* Response to J. Louis Clarke, who used the logic of Clarence Darrow

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26
Q

Who was Rev. A Wendall Ross?

A

Pastor of the Mt. Calvary Baptist Church

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27
Q

How does Ross discredit Clarke and Darrow in “Who Is Friend of Negro”?

A

They admit they are not religious, and so any man that tries to turn the Negro away from the church is a dangerous enemy

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28
Q

Who wrote “The Myth of Hell”?

A

Rev. Ethelred Brown

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29
Q

Who was Rev. Ethelred Brown?

A
  • Unitarian Jamaican
  • Secretary for the Jamaica Progressive League: wanted Jamaican self-government
  • Founded the Harlem Community Church in 1921
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30
Q

What was “The Myth of Hell”?

A

An article in The Messenger, published 1923

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31
Q

What was The Messenger?

A

An African American magazine founded in 1917, as part of the Harlem Renaissance

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32
Q

What 2 people does “The Myth of Hell” agree with?

A

Robert G. Ingersoll and William Pickens

33
Q

What does “The Myth of Hell” call a God who prepares an orthodox hell?

A

A monstrous fiend

34
Q

What does “The Myth of Hell” not believe in?

A

The place of punishment that is the orthodox hell

35
Q

Who wrote “The Christian Religion”?

A

Robert G. Ingersoll

36
Q

Who was Robert G. Ingersoll?

A
  • A white lawyer
  • “The Great Agnostic”
  • Held radical views on religion, slavery, and female suffrage
  • Advocated freethought and humanism
  • Attacked the doctrine of Hell
37
Q

What was “The Christian Religion”?

A

An article in the North American Review, published in 1881

38
Q

What was the North American Review?

A

The first literary magazine in the United States

39
Q

According to “The Christian Religion”, why was the pulpit losing out?

A

Because the people are getting more intelligent and asking questions

40
Q

In “The Christian Religion”, what do some regard the Bible as?

A

The only means that we have for ascertaining the will of God, the origin of Man, and the destiny of the soul

41
Q

According to “The Christian Religion”, if the bible was inspired, what does that mean about polygamy and slavery?

A

That they were at one time divinely sanctioned, as in the bible

42
Q

According to “The Christian Religion”, what does the presence of 4 gospels imply?

A

That the bible was not inspired, as, if it were, there would be no contradictions

43
Q

In “The Christian Religion”, how do OT blood sacrifices contradict the message?

A

If to make innocence suffer is the greatest sin, then how is it possible to make the suffering of the innocent a justification for the criminal?

44
Q

According to “The Christian Religion”, why should Jesus have been able to see the future?

A

Because he was like God

45
Q

Who wrote the response to “The Christian Religion”?

A

Jeremiah Black

46
Q

Who was Jeremiah Black?

A

Attorney General and Secretary of State

47
Q

What does Jeremiah Black say Ingersoll is wrong about?

A

That the foundation of the church is giving way and that there are fundamental changes

48
Q

According to Jeremiah Black, what are the only changes that are occurring?

A

Superficial changes in the modes of expression and the methods of attack

49
Q

According to Jeremiah Black, if the bible were put on trial, it would be found true or untrue?

A

True

50
Q

What 2 people were involved in “A Discussion: The Religion of the American Negro”?

A

Clarence Darrow and Bishop Jones

51
Q

In “A Discussion”, what does Darrow see revivals as?

A

Religious orgies

52
Q

In “A Discussion”, getting rid of what, according to Darrow, would make the African American struggle easier?

A

Religion

53
Q

According to Darrow in “A Discussion”, what do Negroes spend too much of their money on?

A

The Church

54
Q

According to Jones in “A Discussion”, the church has done what for the race?

A

The most to uplift the race

55
Q

Jones, in “A Discussion”, compares Christian civilisation to what?

A

Pagan Africa

56
Q

According to Jones in ‘A Discussion”, Negroes should use the church instead of what?

A

Politics, the Republican party to be specific

57
Q

In what newspaper was “White Minister Quits, Resenting Ban on Negroes” published?

A

Baltimore Afro-American

58
Q

Who was the White Minister in “White Minister Quits”?

A

Adelbert Helm

59
Q

Why did Adelbert Helm resign?

A

His white congregation refused to admit 2 colored candidates to the Christmas Class

60
Q

In “White Minister Quits”, what would Jesus think of the church if he returned?

A

That it has been turned into a city club

61
Q

In “White Minister Quits”, what is the best way to tackle prejudice?

A

Honest leaders, not through education or the church ministry

62
Q

Where was “RR. Wright Scores Mencken’s Attacks” published?

A

Pittsburgh Courier

63
Q

What was “RR. Wright Scores Mencken’s Attacks” a response to?

A

An article by Mencken that attacked the clergy

64
Q

Who was HL Mencken?

A

White journalist and satirist, who wrote about the Scopes trial

65
Q

According to Mencken, what had the church done to the negroes?

A

Impoverished them

66
Q

How does Wright respond to Mencken’s attacks?

A

Says that the Negro church has inspired members to economic independence and greatness

67
Q

Who wrote “Garvey Tells His Own Story”?

A

Marcus Garvey

68
Q

Who was Marcus Garvey?

A
  • Jamaican political leader
  • Advocate of Pan-Africanism and migration
  • Founded UNIA-ACL and the Black Star Line
69
Q

Who did Marcus Garvey aim his oratory at?

A

The black masses

70
Q

For what was Marcus Garvey arrested in 1923?

A

Mail fraud

71
Q

According to Garvey, who did he offend in Jamaica?

A

The “colored gentry” who identified with the whites

72
Q

According to Garvey, what event sparked race consciousness in the West Indies?

A

The First World War

73
Q

When did Marcus Garvey go to the US?

A

1916

74
Q

What paper did Garvey found?

A

The Negro World

75
Q

When was The Black Star Line founded?

A

1919

76
Q

When did The Black Star Line suspend business?

A

1921

77
Q

According to Garvey, who brought about his downfall?

A

Light-skinned Negroes

78
Q

What did black people need, according to Garvey?

A

A country of their own

Gobbets (7 decks)

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