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Religion & The Civil Rights Movement (Detailed) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 names of Malcolm X?

A
  • Malcolm Little
  • Detroit Red
  • Malcolm X
  • El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz
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2
Q

Who led the Nation of Islam and converted Malcolm X?

A

Elijah Mohammed

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3
Q

Who was Malcolm X married to?

A

Betty Shabazz

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4
Q

When was Malcolm X assassinated?

A

1965

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5
Q

What was the purpose of Malcolm X’s autobiography?

A

“I think my life story may help people to appreciate how Mr Muhammed salvages black people”

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6
Q

Did Malcolm X support Black separatism?

A

Yes- demand for a separate black nation

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7
Q

According to Malcolm X, why did white people turn black into criminals?

A

To keep them oppressed and symbolize their oppression

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8
Q

According to Malcolm X, in genetics, what was the race of the original man?

A

Black

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9
Q

According to Malcolm X, what had to be thought about before civil rights?

A

Human Rights (relationship with the UN)

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10
Q

When was the UN founded?

A

1945

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11
Q

What was the Nation of Islam?

A

Islamic political movement, founded in Detroit, 1930

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12
Q

When did Malcolm X leave the Nation of Islam?

A

1964

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13
Q

According to Malcolm X, how had the white man warped Christianity?

A

To make the black man focus on heaven, whilst the white man enjoyed heaven on earth

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14
Q

In what year did the publicity of NoI and Malcolm X increase?

A

1959

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15
Q

According to Malcolm X, no black or white man wants _?

A

Integration

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16
Q

Who wrote “Letter From Birmingham Jail”?

A

Martin Luther King Jr.

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17
Q

What did “Letter From Birmingham Jail” lay out?

A

The goals and philosophy of the non-violent civil rights movement

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18
Q

What was “Letter From Birmingham Jail” a response to?

A

A public letter from 8 white Alabama religious leaders, urging people to withdraw support from MLK

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19
Q

What was Martin Luther King arrested for in Birmingham?

A

Protesting racial segregation and economic injustice (The Birmingham campaign included The Children’s Crusade)

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20
Q

Who was the intended audience of “Letter From Birmingham Jail”?

A

Moderate Christians of both races

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21
Q

On what grounds did MLK justify involving the church in politics (in “Letter From Birmingham Jail”)?

A

All great political questions are fundamentally moral questions to which the church must speak

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22
Q

In “Letter From Birmingham Jail”, what are the 2 responses to the accusation of outsiders coming in?

A
  • President of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference

* “Injustice is here”

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23
Q

According to “Letter From Birmingham Jail”, why does the Negro community have no alternative?

A

White power structures

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24
Q

According to “Letter From Birmingham Jail”, what are the 4 steps in a non-violent campaign?

A
  • Collection of the facts
  • Negotiation
  • Self-purification
  • Direct Action
25
According to "Letter From Birmingham Jail", what laws should you obey?
Only Just laws
26
According to "Letter From Birmingham Jail", which two African American poles is MLK in the middle of?
Complacency and bitterness and hatred
27
In "Letter From Birmingham Jail",why is MLK pleased to say he is an extremist?
Like Jesus, who was an extremist for love
28
In "Letter From Birmingham Jail", who is MLK disappointed with?
White Churches, and white Christians in general
29
Who wrote "Myths About Malcolm"?
Rev. Albert Cleage
30
What was "Myths About Malcolm"?
Speech at the Detroit Friday Night Socialist Forum, 1967, Memorial meeting for Malcolm X
31
Who was Rev. Albert Cleage?
* Christian religious leader * Important role in the 1960s Civil Rights Movement * Increasingly associated with black nationalism in the 1970s * Rejected core principles of racial integration
32
According to 'Myths About Malcolm", what had Malcolm X become after his death?
A symbol- man is in danger of being lost in the myth
33
Due to the myths around him, who is Malcolm X compared to in "Myths About Malcolm"?
Jesus Christ
34
According to "Myths About Malcolm", what myth comes from his time in Mecca?
That he became an integrationist and was willing to work with the NAACP
35
According to "Myths About Malcolm", what myth developed about internationalism?
That the Africans were going to save the African Americans through the United Nations
36
In "Myths About Malcolm", what about the white man does Cleage disagree with X about?
That the white man is the devil
37
According to "Myths About Malcolm", what is X's main principle?
The white man is your enemy: must break identification
38
According to Cleage in "Myths About Malcolm", what is impossible and undesirable?
Integration
39
Whose speech was "Remarks on the Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr."?
Robert F. Kennedy's
40
Where was "Remarks on the Assassination" given?
Indianapolis, Indiana
41
In "Remarks on the Assassination", it was the first time RFK had publicly spoken about what?
The death of his brother
42
What did RFK call on the nation to do, in "Remarks on the Assassination"?
Ask what nation they wanted to be, and what direction they wanted to move in
43
How did RFK relate to black people in "Remarks on the Assassination"?
Felt the same feeling after the death of his brother
44
What poet is quoted in "Remarks on the Assassination"?
Aeschylus
45
Who wrote "The Ballot or the Bullet"?
Malcolm X
46
What was "The Ballot or the Bullet"?
A speech delivered at the Cory Methodist Church, Cleveland, Ohio
47
Where did Malcolm X go after his "The Ballot or the Bullet" speech?
Mecca
48
"The Ballot or the Bullet" speech was given one month after what event?
Malcolm X's separation from the Nation of Islam
49
What question was "The Ballot or the Bullet" speech a response to?
"The Negro Revolt, and Where Do We Go From Here?"
50
In "The Ballot or the Bullet", what is X's response to black Christians?
Not there to discuss religion- all are going to get hell from the same white man
51
In "The Ballot or the Bullet", why is 1964 going to be the most explosive year?
It is an election year, and black people are maturing
52
According to "The Ballot or the Bullet", who control the committees?
The Dixiecrats
53
According to "The Ballot or the Bullet", what do black people need to do?
Find friends
54
In "The Ballot or the Bullet", what has brought a new meaning to civil rights?
Black Nationalism
55
According to "The Ballot or the Bullet", what should the civil rights struggle be expanded to?
The higher level of human rights at the United Nations
56
In "The Ballot or the Bullet", what is the political philosophy of black nationalism?
The black man should control the politics and politicians in his own community
57
What is segregation, according to "The Ballot or the Bullet"?
A community in which outsiders control the politics and the economy
58
According to "The Ballot or the Bullet", what will be necessary if the government prevents African Americans from attaining full equality?
Take up arms

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