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Section One Flashcards

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0
Q

What countries were apart of the Entente?

A

The Russian Empire, the French Empire, British Empire, Serbia, Belgium, Japan, Greece, Italy, Portugal, Brazil, Romania and the U.S.A.

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1
Q

The Central Powers included the countries of?

A

The German Empire, Austro-Hungary, the Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

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2
Q

What percentage of the United States was killed during World War One?

A

.13%

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3
Q

How many were killed in the US during the war?

A

117,000

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4
Q

How many more people did the United States loose in World War Two than World War One?

A

3 times as much

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5
Q

How many people died as a direct result of World War One?

A

9 million people

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6
Q

How many citizens were killed during World War One?

A

6 million people

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7
Q

What percentage of people did Germany and France loose during the war?

A

3%

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8
Q

What percentage of the Serbian population died?

A

5.6%

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9
Q

What percentage of the Ottoman Empire’s population died?

A

3.8%

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10
Q

How many people were injured during World War One?

A

15 million

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11
Q

How many soldiers were taken prisoner?

A

7 million

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12
Q

Who had the largest population during the war?

A

Russia

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13
Q

Who mobilized the most soldiers during World War One?

A

Russia

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14
Q

Who suffered the most dead during World War One?

A

Germany

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15
Q

What country suffered the most wounded during the war?

A

Russia

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16
Q

Who suffered the highest casualty percentage of troops mobilized?

A

France

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17
Q

Who had the smallest population during the war?

A

Montenegro

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18
Q

Who mobilized the least soldiers during World War One?

A

Montenegro

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19
Q

Who suffered the least dead during the war?

A

Japan

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20
Q

Who suffered the least casualty percentage of troops mobilized?

A

Japan

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21
Q

Total military casualties during World War One add up to?

A

30 million

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22
Q

What was the worst example of inter-group conflict during the war?

A

The Armenian Genocide

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23
Q

What was the estimate of the number of victims in the Armenian massacre?

A

1/2 million to 1 1/2 million

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24
Q

The bird flu epidemic of 1918-1919 killed approximately how many people?

A

50 million

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25
Q

Which was is argued had greatest historical impact?

A

World War One

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26
Q

What three nations repeatedly put down Polish nationalistic uprisings?

A

Austria, Germany and Russia

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27
Q

When did Germany unite a single country?

A

1871

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28
Q

What countries emerged after World War One from the old empires?

A

Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Yugoslavia and Poland

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29
Q

What countries did the Ottoman Empire loss in the century and a half before 1914?

A

Egypt, Sudan, Greece, Bulgaria, Romania and Serbia

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30
Q

What other countries were lost during the 1910’s by Turkey?

A

Libya, Albania, Macedonia and Thrace

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31
Q

What countries were lost by the Ottoman Empire after World War One?

A

Syria, Lebanon, Iraq, Yemen and Palestine

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32
Q

In what countries did post war revolutions occur?

A

India, China, Korea and Egypt

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33
Q

When did Russian generals force the Tsar to abdicate?

A

February/March 1917

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34
Q

In what countries did Communism gain a foothold in after World War One?

A

Hungary and the German state of Bavaria

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35
Q

What countries fell to fascist dictatorships after World War One?

A

Germany, Italy, Spain and Portugal

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36
Q

Where did World War One begin?

A

Serbia

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37
Q

hen did the Austro-Hungarian army annex Bosnia?

A

1908

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38
Q

When did the First Balkan War occur?

A

October 1912 to May 1913

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39
Q

In the First Balkan War, Serbia allied with what countries to defeat the Ottoman Empire?

A

Greece, Bulgaria and Montenegro

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40
Q

What happened during the Second Balkan War?

A

Bulgaria attacked Greece and Serbia and was defeated when Romania and the Ottoman Empire launched a counterattack

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41
Q

When did the Second Balkan War start?

A

June 16, 1913

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42
Q

Serbia’s successes cause her leaders to believe what?

A

That they needed to unite all Serbians and lead a multiethnic South Slav state

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43
Q

When did Austria present its ultimatum to Serbia?

A

July 14, 1914

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44
Q

What were the terms of the Austrian ultimatium

A

All anti-Austrian propaganda to cease and Serbia would allow Austrian participation in the murder investigation

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45
Q

How much time did Austria give Serbia to accept the terms of their ultimatum?

A

48 hours

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46
Q

Why did Serbia reject the Austrian terms?

A

Because they believed that Russia would support them

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47
Q

When did Austria declare war on Serbia?

A

July 28, 1914

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48
Q

When did Russia mobilize its army?

A

July 30, 1914

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49
Q

When did Germany declare war on Russia?

A

August 1, 1914

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50
Q

When did Germany declare war on France?

A

August 3, 1914

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51
Q

When did Great Britain declare war on Germany?

A

August 4, 1914

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52
Q

In what order did the European countries industrialize?

A

Britain, France, Germany, Austria, Czech, Austro-Hungary, Italy and Russia

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53
Q

What revolution was the first to challenge the principle of autocratic monarchy?

A

The French Revolution of 1798

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54
Q

Austria moved from monarchy to constitutional monarchy after what revolution?

A

The Revolution of 1848

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55
Q

In 1871 Germany was ruled by a ?

A

Constitutional monarchy

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56
Q

In 1905 the Russian czar created what?

A

The Duma, an elected national parliament

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57
Q

In 1908 the Sultan gave power to what group in the Ottoman Empire?

A

The Young Turks

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58
Q

What is Realpolitik?

A

Realist foreign policy

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59
Q

What was engaged more than two major powers between 1815 and 1914?

A

The Crimean War with Britain, France and Russia

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60
Q

Kaiser Wilhelm II attempted to compete with Socialist parties for support by following an aggressive foreign policy against who?

A

Africa

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61
Q

Tsar Nicholas II attempted to win support through a wuick war against who?

A

Japan

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62
Q

What was yellow journalism?

A

Journalism that uses little or no facts and only sensationalism or nationalism to sell more newspapers

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63
Q

How did the press make it hard for leaders to break alliances?

A

By demonizing the other side of the alliance

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64
Q

Why did Britain not want to enter war with the Central Powers during the July crises?

A

Because they had no direct interest in Europe, their empire spanned an entire glove

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65
Q

What was the biggest threat to Britain’s Empire?

A

Germany’s rapidly expanding navy

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66
Q

The Russian Empire looked for new territory where?

A

By conquering of Istanbul and the Ottoman Empire

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67
Q

The German mission to the Ottoman Empire caused what?

A

A hardening of Russian attitude towards Germany who was interfering on their new territory

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68
Q

In 1783 Russia forced the Ottoman Empire to do what?

A

To accept Russian interference and special rules for protecting Christian minorities

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69
Q

What three countries repeatedly interfered in Ottoman affairs?

A

Britain, France and Russia

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70
Q

In the 1880’s Germany established colonies in what two areas?

A

In Africa and the Pacific

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71
Q

What league published articles claiming that there were many Germans living in Eastern European countries?

A

The Pan-German League

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72
Q

France attempted to stop German unification how?

A

By declaring war in 1870

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73
Q

What two regions in France were ceded to Germany after the French defeat?

A

Alsace and Lorraine

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74
Q

When did Germany, Italy and Austria sign the Triple Alliance?

A

In early 1882

75
Q

What was the Franco-Russian Alliance?

A

An agreement between Russia and France in 1892 to go to war against the Triple Alliance if each was attacked. Both countries were required to mobilize their reserves and immediately force a two front war

76
Q

What Great Power could tip the power between the Franco-Russian Alliance and the Triple Alliance?

A

Britain

77
Q

Tensions between France and Britain were widely resolved with the?

A

Entente Cordiale in 1904

78
Q

When did Britain and Russia sign an agreement that settled the borders of their two empires in Afghanistan, Persia and Tibet?

A

August, 1907

79
Q

Germany and France came into confrontation between their two navies where and when?

A

In Morroco in 1905 and 1911

80
Q

hat was the Schlieffen Plan?

A

A plan by the Chief of the German General Staff Alfred von Schlieffen to defeat France by the 42nd day of the war and then turn against Russia

81
Q

In 1908 Russia began a rearmament and modernization program known as?

A

The Great Program

82
Q

In 1916 Germany believed that Russia would be able to mobilize her army in how many days?

A

30 days

83
Q

Italy stayed neutral for what reasons?

A

Italy didn’t want to fight Britain and France the two strongest navies in the Mediterranean and had constant territorial disputes against Austria

84
Q

France helped Russia how?

A

By giving Russia huge loans to better prepare for war

85
Q

What do total military casualties in World War One add up to?

A

30 million

86
Q

What is the worst example of inter group conflict unleashed by the war?

A

The murder of Armernian men, women and children by the Turks in Eastern Turkey

87
Q

In addition to the Turks what other groups participated in the murder of Armenian men, women and children?

A

Kurds and Muslim groups

88
Q

Where did Turks lead Armenian citizens on long marches accompanied by mass killings and atrocities?

A

Through Anatolia and the Syrian desert

89
Q

What are the estimates for the casualties during the Armenian massacre?

A

500,000 to 1.5 million Armenian deaths

90
Q

Hunger and disease hit what country particularly hard during the war?

A

The Ottoman Empire

91
Q

How many lives did the Russian Revolution claim?

A

8 million dead

92
Q

How many people died in WW1?

A

15 million

93
Q

How many people died in WW2?

A

55 million dead

94
Q

Why is it argued that WW1 had more historical consequences than the second World War?

A

Because so many of the causes of World War Two can be traced back to World War One

95
Q

What empires had the world been divided into before 1914 in Europe?

A

The Habsburg, Russian, German and Ottoman Empire

96
Q

What helped the Russian, Habsburg, German and Ottoman Empires grow?

A

Royal marriages, wars and effective ruling strategies

97
Q

How man wounded did the Entente suffer?

A

12.8 million

98
Q

How many POW’s did the Entente suffer?

A

3.985 million

99
Q

How many dead did the Entente suffer?

A

5.38 million dead

100
Q

How many wounded did the Central Powers take?

A

8.39 million

101
Q

How many dead did the Central Powers suffer?

A

4.03 million

102
Q

How many POW’S did the Central Powers suffer?

A

3.630 million

103
Q

What languages were spoken in the Austro-Hungarian Empire?

A

Italian, Romanian, Ruthenian, Polish, Czech, Hungarian and German

104
Q

What was the most spoken language in the Hungarian Empire?

A

German

105
Q

What was the least spoken language in the Hungarian Empire?

A

Italian at 3%

106
Q

What language in the Hungarian Empire was spoken by 6% of the population?

A

Romanian

107
Q

What language was spoken by 8% of the Hungarian Empire’s population?

A

Ruthenian

108
Q

What language was spoken by 10% of the Hungarian Empire?

A

Polish

109
Q

What language was spoken by 13% of the Hungarain Empire?

A

Czech

110
Q

What language was spoken by 20% of the Hungarian Empire?

A

Hungarian

111
Q

What language was spoken by 24% of the Hungarian Empire?

A

German

112
Q

What was the most important national movement in Eastern Europe in the Russian, German and Habsburg empire?

A

The Polish national movement

113
Q

What three kingdoms partioned the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in three partitions from 1772-1795?

A

Prussian, Austrian and Russian

114
Q

What government did the Russian, Prussian and Austrian Empires overthrow and dismantle between 1772-1795?

A

The Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

115
Q

Where had Poland enjoyed a great Empire for 500 years?

A

In Eastern-Central Europe

116
Q

When was the second partitioning of Poland?

A

1792

117
Q

What had the second partition of Poland been in response to?

A

A Polish liberal national uprising

118
Q

The Polish national liberal uprising inspired by?

A

The French and American Revolutions

119
Q

When did large-scale Polish rebellions challenge imperial rule over their country?

A

In 1831 1863 and 1904-1906

120
Q

When did liberal national rebellions break out in Hungary, Italy and the German states?

A

In 1848

121
Q

wHEN DID iTALY FORM A SINGLE COUNTRY?

A

1860’S

122
Q

When did Germany form a single country?

A

1871

123
Q

In the German Empire what percentage of the empire spoke German?

A

93%

124
Q

What percentage of the German Empire spoke Polish?

A

6%

125
Q

What language did .4% of the German empire speak?

A

French

126
Q

What language did .3% of the German Empire speak?

A

Danish

127
Q

What did .2% of the German Empire speak?

A

Lithuanian

128
Q

What ethnic group was 51% of the Ottoman Empire?

A

Turkish

129
Q

What ethnicity was 25% of the Ottoman’s Empire?

A

Arab

130
Q

What ethnicity was 8% of the Ottoman Empire?

A

Kurdish and Greek

131
Q

What ethnicity was 7% of the Ottoman Empire?

A

Armenian

132
Q

What ethnicity was 1% of the Ottoman Empire?

A

Jewish

133
Q

What was the Ottoman Empire’s population in 1914?

A

24,000,000

134
Q

What religion was 83% of the Ottoman Empire?

A

Muslim

135
Q

What language did 48% of the Russian Empire speak?

A

Russian

136
Q

What language did 20% of the Russian Empire speak?

A

Ukrainian

137
Q

What language did 6% of the Russian Empire?

A

Belarussian

138
Q

What language did 3% of the Russian Empire speak?

A

Latvian, Lithuanian and Finnish

139
Q

What language did 1% of the Russian Empire speak?

A

rOMANIAN

140
Q

What language did 12% of the Russian Empire speak?

A

Turkish-Tatar

141
Q

What caused the loss of Libya in 1912?

A

An Ottoman War against Italy

142
Q

What was the Bolshevik party a faction of?

A

The Social Democratic Party

143
Q

What did the Bolshevikcs claim the Russian Revolution was the first step to?

A

A global communist revolution

144
Q

What were some conditions for the growth of fascist movements after the First World War?

A

Hyperinflation, unemployment and other economic difficulties

145
Q

What did trench warfare demand?

A

Millions of shells and ammunition

146
Q

What regions of the Hungarian Empire did the Serbians encourage nationalist movements in?

A

Bosnia-Herzagovinia and Croatia

147
Q

What was Bulgaria disappointed in that caused the Second Balkan War?

A

The terms of the Treaty of London

148
Q

wHAT SATE DID sERBIA WANT TO BECOME THE LEADER OF?

A

A south Slav, yugoslav state

149
Q

How long had Emperor Franz Josef been on the throne in 1914?

A

For 66 yeaers

150
Q

Why did Austria delay its ultimatum to Serbia?

A

To allow more time for the harvest to be brought in and for the French President, Raymond Pioncare’s visit to Russia to be over

151
Q

What terms of the Austrian declaration did Serbia reject?

A

That Serbian officials complicit in the investigation should be dismissed and that Austro-Hungarian officials should take part in investigations

152
Q

In multi-ethnic empires the spread of literacy raised what questions?

A

The use of language on the shop floors, in government offices and in schools

153
Q

How many revolutions did it take to establish French democracy?

A

Three

154
Q

When did Austria devolve power to Hungary?

A

1867

155
Q

When did Kaiser Wilhelm come to power?

A

In 1888

156
Q

Why did Tsar Nicholas pursue a war against Japan?

A

Due to the strong revolutionary movement brewing in Russia in 1904

157
Q

What war was aarguably caused by yellow journalism?

A

The Spainish American war in 1898

158
Q

What islands did the US gain over the Spanish-American war of 1898?

A

Cuba, the Phiippines, Puerto Rico and Guam

159
Q

What did Russian newspapers do during the July Crises?

A

Wip up enthusiasm for the idea of expanding the Russian Empire at the Ottoman’s Expense

160
Q

What role did Italy’s yellow journalist play during the war?

A

They hyped up the cause of Italian-speakers in Austria and portrayed Austria as a greater threat than France

161
Q

Where did the race for the colonies occur?

A

In Africa and Asia

162
Q

When did Russia expand its territory in Central Asia?

A

In the 1860’s

163
Q

What type of ethnic group did the Russians want to ally ith in the Ottoman Empire?

A

Slavic Christians

164
Q

What stopped Russian ambitions in the Far East?

A

The Russo-Japanese war 1904-1905

165
Q

When did Liman von Sanders lead a German military mission to Constantinople?

A

December 1913

166
Q

When was the Ottoman Empire on eo fthe greatest in the world?

A

From the 15th to 18th century’s

167
Q

What caused the Ottoman Empire to fall behind in military and economic strength?

A

Their late modernization

168
Q

For what group of Christian minorities did Russia force capitulations on?

A

Armenians, Greeks and Serbs

169
Q

When did Turkey enter the war?

A

October 28, 1914

170
Q

What countries built large overseas empires in the centuries before the 1870’s?

A

Britain, France, Spain, the netherlands and Portugal

171
Q

Why did Germany not join the major part of the race for the colonies in the 1880’s?

A

They lacked the naval power

172
Q

Who lobbied for increasing German naval power?

A

The German Naval League and elected officials in the Reichstag

173
Q

Where did the Pan-German League claim there were many Germans living?

A

In the Ukraine, Poland and Russia

174
Q

Where did Germany believe the path to imperial conquest and world power status lie?

A

In the conquest of Slavic lands in Europe

175
Q

What caused France and Russia to form an alliance?

A

The apparent fact that Germany’s industrial and military strength was outpacing that of either country

176
Q

When was the Franco-Russian Alliance signed?

A

In 1892

177
Q

What made Germany hopeful that Britain would either join the Triple Alliance or stay neutral?

A

The tensions with France and russia over imperial questions ranging from Egypt to the Russian Far East and Central Asia

178
Q

When did military staff from France and Great Britain meet to discuss strategy for cooperation in case of war?

A

In 1906

179
Q

When did Britain and Russia settle disagreements over Afghanistan and Tibet?

A

In August 1907

180
Q

Due to the strictness of the Schlieffen Plan military planners saw what as a declaration of war?

A

The announceemnt of mobilization

181
Q

How did France prepare for war against Germany?

A

By giving Russia massive loans and building up defenses along the Franco-German border

182
Q

When did Russia launch it’s Great Program?

A

In 1908

183
Q

What was the Russian Great Program?

A

A program to rapidly build up and modernize its military and transportation networks

184
Q

When did German strategists think that Russia could mobilize in 30 days by?

A

1916

185
Q

What were the flaws in the logic of German strategic thinking?

A

The involvment of Italy and the possibility of a British force in France

186
Q

What was the weakness of the British army in 1914?

A

It was not supported by conscription, therefore did not have a large pool of trained reserves

Social Science (8 decks)

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