section B: the reign of James 1 1603-1625: policies and parliaments Flashcards
charles 1 personality
shy, didn’t like public speaking and had a stutter
relied on individuals greatly eg. buckingham, laud, strafford
inherited debt from James
had an obsessive concern with order, symmetricality and uniformity
intensely disliked the cut-and-thrust of debates
married to henrietta maria french catholic princess
had lots of spanish art that he liked to surround himself with which sparked debate from many
arminian
not a strong figurehead for the army
placed importance on the divine right of kings and ceremony/court - inspired by the hapsburg court
quote about charles’s personality
‘charles tended to say never then give in afterwards’ conrad russel
la rochelle
1624 james had helped catholic king louis XII to put down hugueknot uprising despite them being escaping persecution around europe and being protestant, aka public scandal
france showed no sign of heping england defeat spain
cadiz
1625
12,000 men were sent and only 5,000 returned
port in spain
broke into a farmhouse and stole wine - many died from drunkness and dehydration
the trip was scrappily planned and didnt have a particular aim except to strike a blow to spain and bring them dishonour, to provide a permanent naval base
charles’s foreign policy aims
create an anti hapsburg alliance
establish a naval base in spain (cadiz)
defeat spain
some personal feuds such as his desire to avenge cardinale richelieu
la rochelle 2
buckingham went to lr again but to support protestants this time, the expedition failed as buckingham’s ladders were too short to exceed the fort walls
buckinghams’ death
as he was preparing to leave for la rochelle again John Felton stabbed him at portsmouth and on october 28th la rochelle was surrendered
quote about foreign policy
‘the commons were too blame for not funding a war’ - roger lockyer
1629
treaty of susa
1630
treaty of madrid
mansfeld expedition
agreement between james and louis to form an anti hapsburg alliance and march to the palatinate
england sent 3,000 calvary and 12,000 men lead by buckingham.
last minute louis forbade buckingham to land so they were forced to go to the dutch who could only provide limited resources, it was the depth of winter and with any of the soldiers not having accomodation they died on the ship.
weak start to the war with spain
showed that louis did not trust james and he had not established any long lasting partnerships during his reign
james had asked for written proof of louis’s support of the expedition - but he didnt want to proclaim his support for anti hasburg alliance - catholic state?
1625 parliament
charles planned 100,000 expenditure but parliament only granted 14,000 – mistrust
charles’s misunderstanding of the relations between parliament and crown? parliament only granted tonnage and poundage for 1 year but charles continued to collect it anyway
parliament criticised richard montague’s ‘an old gag for a new goose’ which angered charles who subsequently appointed him as royal chaplain (arminian’
still sustained opposition to buckingham
york house conference xx
1626
led by buckingham, charles didnt think of it as his role to attend
1626 parliament
charles appointed sir edward coke and thomas wentworth as sherrifs in order to remove them from parliament (notable critics of charles)
laud preached opening sermon (anti puritan/arminian) this angered MP’s
charles ordered punishment of recusants and threatened a repeat of la rochelle
MP’s launched impeachment proceedings against Buckingham led by sir thomas eliot earl of bristol
eliot - ambassador during charles and buckingham’s trip to Madrid so knew of buckinghams scandalous activity eg. flirting with the queen and bribing spanish courtiers for concessions in catholic measures in england
charles charged him with treason
dissolving of parliament 1629
denzil holles and benjamin valentine sat on the speaker to stop parliament dissolving and a document outlining the concerns of the parliament was read
