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GCSE Design and Technology > Section A - Materials and their working properties - natural and manufactured timbers > Flashcards

Section A - Materials and their working properties - natural and manufactured timbers Flashcards

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1
Q

Timber is ______,____________,_________

A

Timber is recyclable, renewable and reusable

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2
Q

Timber is a ____ material

A

Timber is a natural material

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3
Q

What is the original source of timber

A

The original source of timber is trees

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4
Q

What are the names of 2 classifications of wood

A

Hardwoods and softwoods

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5
Q

Draw a typical leaf from a tree from each of the two categories of natural timber

A
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6
Q

Define hardwood

A

Hardwood - woods that come from deciduous trees

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7
Q

Define softwood

A

Softwood - woods that come from coniferous (evergreen) trees.

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8
Q

Explain why hardwoods tend to be more expensive than softwoods

A

Hardwoods are woods that come from deciduous trees.
Softwoods are woods that come from coniferous (evergreen) trees.

Deciduous trees take a long time to mature (than coniferous trees) before being able to be felled (cut down) and turned into useable timber - as a result they tend to be more expensive than softwoods

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9
Q

List the characteristics of a softwood tree

A

A softwood tree:
mostly evergreen
retain leaves all year round
Needle - or scale-like leaves
Bear cones
Branches are located the whole length of the trunk
Triangular shape

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10
Q

List the characteristics of a hardwood tree

A

Hardwood tree
Mostly deciduous ( trees that generally lose their leaves in the autumn)
Shed leaves each autumn
Typically flat leaves
Branches are grouped at the top of the tree

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11
Q

Examples of hardwoods

A

Ash
Beech
Mahogany
Oak
Balsa

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12
Q

Properties of ash

A

Tough and flexible,
wide grained
good for steam bending
Finishes well

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13
Q

Common uses of ash

A

Sports equipment (e.g. cricket stumps and bails) (because it is tough and flexible material, making it durable enough to withstand impact from a cricket ball travelling at speeds of up to 160 kilometres per hour

, ladders

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14
Q

Properties of beech

A

Hard, strong, close grain
Prone to warping and splitting
Durable
Finishes well

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15
Q

Common uses of beech

A

Furniture, children’s toys, workshop tool handles and bench tops

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16
Q

Properties of mahogany

A

Strong and durable
Available in wide planks
Fairly easy to work with but can have interlocking grain
Finishes well

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17
Q

Common uses of mahogany

A

Good quality furniture, panelling and veneers

Expensive - so its used for good quality furniture

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18
Q

Properties of oak

A

Hard, tough, durable, open grain
Can be finished to a high standard
Finishes well

19
Q

Common uses of oak

A

Timber framed buildings, high quality furniture, flooring

20
Q

Properties of Balsa

A

Strong and durable
Lightweight
Easy to work with
Wide-spaced grain due to it being a fast-growing hardwood
Prone to snapping

21
Q

Common uses of balsa

A

Model making
Floats
Rafts

22
Q

How long does it take coniferous trees to reach maturity

A

Coniferous trees are quick growing and take around ten years to reach maturity before felling.

23
Q

Explain the advantages of coniferous trees being fast growing

A

Coniferous trees are quick growing and take around ten years to reach maturity before felling.

This makes them an extremely sustainable group of materials as they are renewable

24
Q

Examples of softwoods

A

Larch
Pine
Spruce

25
Q

Properties of larch

A

Reddish in colour and has a striking grain pattern

Tough but easy to work, although quite resinous and prone to splitting

High sap content gives it good water resistance

Naturally resistant to rot

Easy to machine

26
Q

Common uses of larch

A

Fencing, fence posts, cladding and decking and joinery

(this is because of its toughness and natural resistance to rot from moisture. It is so durable in a moist environment)

very few types of softwood that is used outside

27
Q

Properties of pine

A

Straight grained
Light yellow in colour
Soft and easy to work
Can be quite knotty
Lightweight
Easy to form

28
Q

Common uses of pine

A

Interior joinery and furniture
Window frames

29
Q

Properties of spruce

A

Creamy white in colour

Easy to work with small knots

Lightweight with good resonant properties

30
Q

Common uses of spruce

A

Bedroom furniture

Stringed musical instruments

31
Q

What types of products are softwoods most commonly found in

A

They are most commonly found in products designed to be used indoors and for joinery as most softwoods have poor resistance to decay and require the addition of preservatives before being used outside

32
Q

Which type of woods are less dense

A

Softwoods are less dense than hardwoods - but not always

Balsa - hardwood - but it is soft, lightweight - can be easily cut with a craft knife

33
Q

Name three different manufactured wooden board

A

Medium density fibreboard (MDF)
Plywood
Chipboard

34
Q

Two categories of manufactured boards

A

Laminated boards (produced by gluing large sheets or veneers together)

Compressed boards (are manufactured by gluing particles, chips or flakes together under pressure)

35
Q

Advantages of manufactured boards

A

They are available in much larger sheets than solid timber

They have consistent properties throughout the board

They are more stable than natural timbers, meaning they are less likely to warp, shrink or twist

They can make use of lower grade timber, so can have environmental benefits

They can be faced with a veneer or a laminate to improve their aesthetic apprearance

Due to their consistent quality, they are well suited for CNC machining and volume production

36
Q

Describe the manufacture of Medium density fibre board

A

MDF is a compressed board that is manufactured from fine fibres of wood combined with a synthetic adhesive (usually formaldehyde resin)

The MDF pulp is compressed between two heated plates where the adhesive bonds the fibres together.

37
Q

What type of wood is used for the manufacture of MDF

A

MDF makes used of low-grade softwood and hardwood timber, along with waste created from other wood manufacture processing.

38
Q

Why should care be taken when manufacturing MDF
Are there any potential risks when manufacturing MDF

A

Care should be taken to limit the dust produced when working with MDF as it can cause respiratory issues due to the size of the fine dust particles

39
Q

Properties of MDF

A

The surface of MDF boards is smooth - which makes it easy to apply a high quality paint finish

The edges of the board are fibrous as so need additional sealing before
painting

40
Q

Explain why MDF is denser than most other manufactured boards

A

The MDF is compressed to 0.25 per cent of its original thickness, which is why MDF is denser than other manufactured boards

41
Q

State the types of specialist versions of MDF

A

Moisture-resistant board
Fire-resistant board
Flexible MDF (it has a series of small grooves or kerfs cut into one side of the material that allows the board to bend around a radius.) - This particular form of MDF is often used in shop fitting applications

42
Q

What is MDF commonly faced with and why?

A

MDF is commonly faced with a veneer to improve its aesthetics

43
Q

Examples of common veneered or faced boards

A

Oak-faced
Ash-faced
Beech-faced

GCSE Design and Technology (16 decks)

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