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GCSE Design and Technology > • Core Content: Textiles: Types – natural, synthetic and blended fibres 1 > Flashcards

• Core Content: Textiles: Types – natural, synthetic and blended fibres 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Name 2 common textile products made from fabrics.

A

Clothing
Home furnishings

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2
Q

Apart from clothing and home furnishings name other textile products made from fabrics

A

Medical applications
Car interiors and engines
Road and house building
Safety and security products

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3
Q

Define fibres

A

Fibres are very fine hair-like threads and are the basic building blocks of fabrics

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4
Q

What is a staple fibre?

A

A staple fibre is a short fibre

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5
Q

What is a filament fibre?

A

A filament fibre is a fibre that is a very long continuous length

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6
Q

Name 3 natural fibres that can be used in textiles.

A

Cotton
Wool
Silk

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7
Q

Name 3 synthetic fibres that can be used in textiles.

A

Polyester
Polyamide (nylon)
Elastane

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8
Q

Define natural fibres

A

Natural fibres are fibres from plant and animal sources

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9
Q

Define synthetic fibres

A

Synthetic fibres are fibres manufactured from oil-based chemicals

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10
Q

What are blended and mixed fibres

A

Blended and mixed fibres contain two or more different fibres

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11
Q

Give 5 reasons why you blend fibres together.

A

To help reduce the cost of the fabric
To make the fabric stronger
To make a fabric easier to care for
To enable fabrics to be more crease-resistant
To allow fabrics to be heat-set

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12
Q

Polyester and Cotton is a blended/mixed fibre.

Give reasons for adding the polyester to the cotton.

A

The polyester helps cancel out the shrinking of cotton
The polyester helps cancel out the creasing of cotton
The polyester helps cancel out the slow-drying of cotton
The cotton makes the fabric better at absorbing moisture
The cotton makes the fabric feel nicer to the skin

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13
Q

Explain how polyester and cotton blends can be very dangerous

A

Polyester and cotton blends are very dangerous when they are set alight
This is because the cotton burns easily and holds the polyester in place
As the polyester gets hot it starts to melt and drip.
The fabric burns very fiercely at high temperatures and gives off a lot of black smoke

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14
Q

What are polyester and cotton blends commonly used for

A

Polyester and cotton blends are used to produce:
shirts, bed sheets, car seat covers and furniture

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15
Q

What is elastane?

A

Elastane is a synthetic fibre manufactured from oil-based chemicals

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16
Q

Define blended/mixed fabrics

A

Blended/mixed fabrics are fabrics that contain two or more fibrest

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17
Q

State a common use for elastane

A

Elastane is used in sportswear

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18
Q

How are woven fabrics produced

A

Woven fabrics are produced by interlacing two sets of yarn at right angels to each other on a machine called a loom. The warp yarns run across the length of the fabric
The weft yarns run across the width of the fabric
The selvedge runs down the length of the fabric

19
Q

Define warp

A

The yarns that run the length of the fabric - warp

20
Q

Define weft

A

The yarns that run across the width of the fabric - weft

21
Q

Define fraying

A

Fraying is when the weft yarn can pull out of the unfinished edge of the fabric - the raw edge

22
Q

Define selvedge

A

A selvedge is formed at the edge where the weft yarns turn around a finished edge

23
Q

Draw a plain weave
Label the weft direction, warp direction and the selvedge.

A

https://bam.files.bbci.co.uk/bam/live/content/zfjywty/medium

https://crashcourseweek.weebly.com/uploads/4/8/0/8/48088265/8452644_orig.gif

24
Q

What is meant by the “bias” of the material?

A

The bias of the material is when the interlacing warp and weft yarns makes the fabric strong and stable as the yarns do not stretch much, but the fabric will stretch diagonally.

25
Q

Define plain weave

A

The plain weave is made by passing the weft yarn alternately over and under the warp. On each new row, the weft goes under the warp it went over on the previous row

26
Q

Features of plain weave fabrics

A

The plain weave is the simplest and therefore the cheapest weave to produce

It produces firm, strong, hardwearing fabrics which look the same on both sides, and their smooth plains surface makes a good background for printing

Plain weave fabrics include calico, lawn, poplin and chiffon

27
Q

Features of plain weave fabrics

A

The plain weave is the simplest and therefore the cheapest weave to produce

It produces firm, strong, hardwearing fabrics which look the same on both sides, and their smooth plains surface makes a good background for printing

Plain weave fabrics include calico, lawn, poplin and chiffon

28
Q

What are plain weave fabrics often used for

A

Often used for fashion and furnishing fabrics

29
Q

What are non-woven fabrics?

A

Fabrics that have been made directly from fibres without being woven or knitted

30
Q

Types of non-woven fabrics

A

Felted fabrics
Bonded fabrics

31
Q

What are felted fabrics?

A

Felted fabrics are made from wool fibres and use the natural felting ability of the wool to cause the fibres to matt together using heat, mechanical action and moisture

32
Q

Bonded Fabrics:

State 4 ways of holding fibres together.

Page 61. aqa textbook

A

Bonded fabrics are made from webs of fibres, which are held together in various different ways

Using a special adhesive
Thermal bonding - which makes use of the thermoplastic properties of some or all of the fibres, to fuse all the fibres together using heat and pressure
stitching with thread (stitch bonding)
Needle punching, which tangles the fibres together

33
Q

What are bonded fabrics

A

Bonded fabrics are made from webs of fibres, which are held together in various different ways

34
Q

State 4 properties or characteristics of felted fabrics.

A

Warm and soft
Does not fray
Not very strong does not drape well, no elasticity
Expensive

35
Q

State the porperties of bonded fabrics

A

Cheap to manufacture and use
Not as strong as woven or knitted fabrics, and do not drape as well
Easy to sew
Crease-resistant
Does not fray

36
Q

Give examples of non-woven fabrics

A

Bonded fabrics
Felted fabrics

37
Q

State the uses of bonded fabric

A

Interfacings and interlinings
Disposable items (e.g. cleaning cloths and hospital items such as dressings

38
Q

State the uses of felted fabrics

A

Hats
Slippers
Toys
Insulation materials
Upholstery

39
Q

What are knitted fabrics?

A

Knitted fabrics are fabrics which are made from yarns which are looped together to make loser, more flexible fabrics

40
Q

What are the two main types of looping in knitted fabrics called

A

Weft knit
Warp knit

41
Q

-State 3 applications of weft knitted fabrics

A

Socks
T-shirts
Jumpers

42
Q

State 3 applications of warp knit fabrics.

A

Swimwear
Underwear
Net curtains

43
Q

Give 4 properties of weft knit fabric that makes it suitable for making scarves.

A

Very stretchy
Have a soft drape and do not crease easily
Will ladder easily is snagged
Trap air easily (and therefore warm in still air, but cool in windy weather as air can still get through the gaps in the fabric)

44
Q

State the properties of warp knit fabrics

A

Less stretchy than weft knits - firm
Do not ladder and cannot be unravelled ‘row by row’

GCSE Design and Technology (16 decks)

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