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Physiology > Section 9 > Flashcards

Section 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the direction O2 and CO2 diffuse across the alveoli-pulmonary capillary interface depend on?

A

The partial pressures of the gases

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2
Q

The pulmonary artery carries [oxygenated/deoxygenated] blood.

A

Deoxygenated

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3
Q

Is O2 or CO2 more soluble in the blood?

A

CO2

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4
Q

Changes in __________ causes the movement of the air

A

Intrapulmonary pressures

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5
Q

Contraction of the ______ increases the neck to abdomen size of the thoracic cage.

A

Diaphragm m.

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6
Q

Contraction of the ______ increases the anterior to posterior site of the thoracic cage

A

External intercostal m.s

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7
Q

A passive process because elastic potential energy is stored during inspiration in the lungs and thorax wall.

A

Resting expiration

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8
Q

_________ is caused by abdominal and internal intercostal muscle contraction decreasing thorax size.

A

Exercise expiration

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9
Q

The volume inspired or expired per breath; resting value 400-500 mL; increases during exercise

A

Tidal volume (Vt)

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10
Q

The volume remaining at the end of maximal expiration; resting value 1200 mL; slight decrease during exercise

A

Risidual volume (RV)

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11
Q

the maximal volume expired from end-expiration (following expiration phase normal breath); resting value is 1200mL; decrease during exercise

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

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12
Q

The maximal volume inspired from end-inspiration (following inspiration phase normal breath); Resting value: 3100 mL; decreases during exercise

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

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13
Q

ERV + RV; decreases with exercises

A

Functional residual capacity (FRC)

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14
Q

IRV +Vt, or the maximal volume inspired from the resting expiatory level; resting value is 3500mL; increases with exercise

A

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

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15
Q

The IC + FRC or the volume in the lung at the end of maximal inspiration; resting value is 6000 mL; slightly decreases with exercise

A

Total lung capacity (TLC)

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16
Q

The IRV + ERV or maximal volume forcefully expired after maximal inspiration; resting value 4800 mL; light decrease with exercise

A

Vital capacity (Vc)

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17
Q

The amount of air (L) that is either inspired or expired in one minute; usually refers to expired air

A

Minute ventilation (Ve)

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18
Q

Ve can be expressed in terms of ______.

A

Vt x F (breaths per minute)

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19
Q

What happens to Ve with exercise and increased work load?

A

Increases

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20
Q

Before exercise, what stimulates an increase in minute ventilation?

A

Nerve stimuli creates an anticipatory rise

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21
Q

Slower rise in ________ exercise levels off to a steady-state value.

A

Submaximal

22
Q

True or false

Slower rise during progressive exercise does not level off but continues to rise until exercise ceases.

A

True

23
Q

With sub maximal exercise, VO2 and Ve have a(n) [direct/inverse] and [proportional/in-proportional] relationship.

A

direct; proportional

SO, as VO2 increases, Ve increases at the same rate; relationship is linear

24
Q

As max VO2 is approached, the linear relationship is lost. VO2 increases ______ and Ve increases ______

A

Slightly; large

25
Q

How do untrained vs trained individuals compare to each other in order to produce the same amount of O2 or CO2?

A

Untrained individuals must work harder (they have a higher Ve)

26
Q

What happens when the body is unable to take in enough oxygen?

A

The ETC shuts down so pyruvate builds up and is turned into lactate, which is then converted to H+, resulting in an acidic body pH

27
Q

How does a normal person’s ventilation efficiency ratio (VO2/Ve and VCO2/Ve) compare to a deconditioned ventilation efficiency?

A

The ratio is smaller, indicating less oxygen efficiency

28
Q

A reconditioned patient has to ventilate more air to….

A

consume the same amount of O2 or produce the same amount of CO2 as a conditioned patient

29
Q

The portion of fresh air that reaches the alveoli and participates in gas exchange

A

Alveolar ventilation (Va)

30
Q

The volume of fresh air that does not participate in gas exchange

A

Dead space (Vd)

31
Q

During exercise Vd can double during exercise due to __________, but ________ also increases to maintain Va

A

dilation of the airways; Vt (tidal volume)

32
Q

Vt

A

Tidal volume

33
Q

RV

A

Residual volume

34
Q

ERV

A

Expiratory Reserve Volume

35
Q

IRV

A

Inspiratory Reserve Volume

36
Q

FRC

A

Functional Residual Capacity

37
Q

IC

A

Inspiratory Capacity

38
Q

TLC

A

Total Lung Capacity

39
Q

Vc

A

Vital Capacity

40
Q

Ve

A

Minute Ventilation

41
Q

Va

A

Alveolar ventilation

42
Q

Vd

A

Dead space ventilation

43
Q

The nonlinear increase in blood lactate during exercise or the onset of blood lactate accumulation

A

Lactate threshold

44
Q

The exercise VO2 above which energy production from anaerobic glycolysis accelerates supplementing aerobic energy production

A

Anaerobic threshold; some think lactate accumulation is a sign of this

45
Q

Lactic Acid + HCO3- –>

A

H20 + CO2 +NaLactate

46
Q

Lactic acid is buffered by ________ buffer system yielding an increase in ______ production at the lungs

A

Bicarbonate; CO2

47
Q

Blood pH [increases/decreases] with increased Va

A

Increases; pH controlled partially by respiratory compensation

48
Q

In terms of lactate threshold, what is the difference between untrained individuals and trained individuals?

A

Trained individuals can use O2 more efficiently, so they can saturate the system with O2 to prevent lactate buildup

49
Q

As you move to max work load, ___________ takes precedence of ver taking in O2

A

The need to expire CO2

50
Q

At sub maximal workload (both at the same workload level), both trained and untrained individuals are moving the same VO2, but trained individuals are more efficient in moving O2. How do their Ve’s compare?

A

Untrained individuals have a higher Ve; trained individuals can move less air to consume the same amount of O2

Physiology (15 decks)

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