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Physiology > Section 8, Exam 3 > Flashcards

Section 8, Exam 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Surrounds muscle fiber (cell)

A

Endomysium

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2
Q

Surrounds muscle fiber bundle (fasciculus)

A

Perimysium

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3
Q

Surrounds the entire or whole muscle

A

Epimysium

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4
Q

True or False

The epimysium runs continuous with the muscle tendon

A

True

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5
Q

Arteries and veins are oriented ______ to individual muscle fibers.

A

Parallel

Vessels then branch into many capillaries and venues forming large networks in and around the endomysium

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6
Q

Inactive or sedentary men and women have an average of ____ capillaries surrounding each muscle fiber, while athletic or active men and women have an average of ____ capillaries. Thus, physical activity [does/does not] influence muscle perfusion

A

3-4; 5-6; does not

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7
Q

Resting heart muscle blood flow rate is ____mL/min while max exercise heart muscle blood flow rate is ____mL/min.

A

250; 1000

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8
Q

Does heart muscle extract more O2/mL from arterial blood during both resting and max exercise?

A

No, heart muscle is very dependent on increased blood flow during exercise

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9
Q

___% of neurons innervating skeletal muscle are motoneurons, while ___% innervating skeletal muscle are sensory.

A

60; 40

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10
Q

Skeletal muscle are ________ so it can control protein synthesis and can maintain control all along the fiber. _______ are found in diseased muscle cells.

A

Multi-nuclei; centralized nuclei

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11
Q

Space occupied by the thick myosin filament or the length of the myosin filament

A

A-Band

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12
Q

Space between the ends of 2 myosin filaments from adjacent sarcomeres

A

I-Band

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13
Q

Space between the ends of 2 adjacent thin-actin filaments within a sarcomere

A

H-Zone

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14
Q

A dark line seen on electron microscopy in the center of the A-Band which is caused by the overlap of the tail portion of many (400-500) myosin protein molecules.

A

M-Line

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15
Q

Defines the sarcomeres boarder; actin filaments attach here

A

Z-line (disc)

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16
Q

Located just deep to the endomysium; within this structure are nuclei, mitochondria, myoglobin, triglycerides, glycogen, creatine phosphate, and ATP.

A

Sarcolemma

17
Q

Site of aerobic metabolism

A

Mitochondria

18
Q

Globular protein binds 1 mole of O2

A

Myoglobin (1 mole O2 per myoglobin)

19
Q

Substrate (fuel) for aerobic metabolism

A

Triglyceride (fat)

20
Q

13-15 g/kg of muscle

A

Glycogen

21
Q

15-17 mM/lg muscle

A

Creatine phosphate

22
Q

Longitudinal to the myofibril; is a storehouse for Ca2+; contains much greater concentration of Ca2+ than the muscle cell cytoplasm

A

Sarcoplasmic Reticulum AKA longitudinal tubule

23
Q

Within the sarcolemma, oriented horizontally to the myofibrils

A

Transverse tubules

24
Q

Within the sarcolemma, oriented along the length of the fiber; contain the actin and myosin filaments oriented within the sarcomeres

A

Myofibrils

25
Q

A “ball” shaped globular protein molecule

A

G-actin

26
Q

A strand of “pearls” formed from individual G-actin balls polymerizing; each pear in the stand is a G-actin molecule

A

F-actin

27
Q

2 F-actin strands make 1 actin linear protein ____

A

Filament

28
Q

Myosin protein filament consists of _______ linear myosin protein molecules arranged adjacent to one another.

A

400-500

29
Q

Myosin molecules are _____X larger than Actin

A

8-9

30
Q

Known as light meromyosin and is 90 nm long

A

Tail Section

31
Q

Known as heavy meromyosin and is 70 nm long

A

Head section

32
Q

Joins the tail and head sections of myosin together

A

hinge region

33
Q

________ molecule swings freely above the hinge region between itself and the adjacent actin protein filament

A

Head of the myosin

34
Q

T tubules’ surfaces are the same as the surface of _____; this is important because it conducts APs

A

Sarcolemmas

35
Q

Rod-shaped mobile protein about 40 nm long that exists in grooves between actin and myosin filaments

A

Tropomyosin

36
Q

A globular protein bound to tropomyosin; 1 part of this has a strong affinity to bind to Ca2+

A

Troponin

37
Q

Prevents the binding of myosin to actin (actomyosin) in resting muscle; Ca2+ in cytoplasm is low = 10^-7 M

A

Tropomyosin-troponin regulatory complex

38
Q

What happens to troponin binds Ca2+?

A

tropomyosin moves or rolls on F-actin, allowing myosin and actin to bond; Ca2+ in cytoplasm increases to about 10^-5 M during muscle contraction

39
Q

Where does hydrolysis of ATP take place?

A

On the head of myosin

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