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Nutrition And Malnutrition > section 8 > Flashcards

section 8 Flashcards

1
Q

factors affecting food choices

A
  • physiological
  • psychological
  • environmental
  • social
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2
Q

physiological factors affecting food choices

A
  • hunger
  • satiety
  • metabolism
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3
Q

psychological factors affecting food choices

A
  • habit
  • preference
  • mood
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4
Q

environmental factors affecting food choices

A
  • availability
  • affordability
  • convenience
  • cooking skills
  • access
  • education
  • advertising
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5
Q

social factors

A
  • social norms
  • religion
  • family traditions
  • cultural traditions
  • social status
  • peer pressure
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6
Q

hypoglycaemia

A

low level of glucose in the blood

-brain function might be distrupted leading to unconciousness and eventually brain damage

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7
Q

hyperglycaemia

A

high lvl of glucose in the blood.

-can lead to diabetes. Can damage blood vessels and organs they supply

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8
Q

mole

A

unit of measurement. Amount of any chemical substance that contain 6.022x10(23) of individual mole or ions

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9
Q

2 hormones responsible for blood glucose regulation

A

insulin, glucagon

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10
Q

hormones and organs responsible for it

A
  • pituitary gland - vasopressin
  • thyroid gland - thyroxin
  • pancrease- glucagon, insulin
  • testes- testosteron
  • ovaries- oestrogen
  • suprarenal gland- cortisol, epinephrine
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11
Q

4 body processes we need hormones for

A
  • digestion
  • metabolism
  • growth
  • reproduction
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12
Q

homeostasis

A

ability to keep body stable

  • temperature
  • blood glucose
  • ph
  • oxygen concentration
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13
Q

negative feedback and example

A

change in condition cause the body to react in a way that opposes the change and returns condition to optimum level

inhibits the change

body temperature low—> shiering—> body temoerature rise

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14
Q

positive feedback and its example

A

change from normal condition amplifies the change.
lactation
baby sucks on nipple and signals are send for milk production

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15
Q

where in the body hunger and satiety and thirst is regulated

A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

what signal is produced in stomach when hungry or full

A

ghrelin and stretch receptors

17
Q

hormone from fatty tissues about satiety

A

leptin

18
Q

how hormones communicate

A

by binding to receptors on their target cell

19
Q

gene

A

short section of genetic material DNA. Encode the amino acid sequence of particular protein

20
Q

genetic

A

study of genes

21
Q

alleles

A

1 or several different forms of the same gene.

each person inherits a different combination of alleles that determines unique characteristic

22
Q

psychological influance on eating behaviour (6)

A
  • visual cue
  • sense of smell
  • image of food
  • thinking about food
  • attending social events
  • watching tv
23
Q

classical conditioning bell example

A

e.g bell can come to trigger salvation in dog if it is repeatedly presented at the time food is given

24
Q

operant conditioning

A

form of conditioning in which likelyhood of specific behaviour is increased or decreased through + or - reinformcment each time behaviour is exhibited

25
Q

metaanalysis

A

type of statistical analysis that combines and contrast result from all available reasearch studies on topic

26
Q

comorbity

A

medical condition that occurs at the same time as another medical condition.
diabetes a comorbity with obesity

27
Q

relative risk

A

compares relatrive likelyhood of an event like developing diseases for people who have been exposed to risk factors compared to people who have not

28
Q

absolute risk

A

probability of an even occuring (developing disease) over particular time

29
Q

how to count relative risk factor

A

f.e smoker’s risk/non smoker risk = 10%/2%= 5- smokers are 5 times likely to develop lung cancer than non smoker

smoker risk 10in100=10%
non smoker risk 2in 100=2%

30
Q

% of fat distribution in the body and which one is risky?

A

10%- visceral fat. - RISKY

90%- subcutaneous fat

31
Q

why visceral fat is dangerous

A

because it produces hormones and other molecules that increase diseases risk

32
Q

what hormones and molecules visceral fat produces

A

oestrogen
insulin
angiotensin
cytokines

33
Q

what oestrogen and insulin can stimulate

A

can stimulate growth and proliferation of cancer

34
Q

what angiotensin is responsible for

A

causing blood vessels to constrict and increase the risk of increased blood pressure, stroke, heart attack

35
Q

what cytokines molecules do

A

can trigger inflammation leading to damaged organs and tissues

36
Q

metabolic syndrome

A

medical term for combination of obesity and high blood pressure and high blood glucose

37
Q

diabetes type 1

A

autoimmune diseases body attack its own cells

body’s immune system attacks the beta cells of pancreas destroying the body’s ability to make insulin

38
Q

diabetes type 2

A

beta cells still working but tissues that normally respond to isulin hormone by taking more glucose become resistant to insulin signals

39
Q

symptoms of diabetes (7)

A 
blurred vision
thirst 
tiredness
weight loss
urination 
slow healing 
thrush and genital itching

Nutrition And Malnutrition (9 decks)

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