section 8 Flashcards

1
Q

factors affecting food choices

A
  • physiological
  • psychological
  • environmental
  • social
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2
Q

physiological factors affecting food choices

A
  • hunger
  • satiety
  • metabolism
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3
Q

psychological factors affecting food choices

A
  • habit
  • preference
  • mood
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4
Q

environmental factors affecting food choices

A
  • availability
  • affordability
  • convenience
  • cooking skills
  • access
  • education
  • advertising
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5
Q

social factors

A
  • social norms
  • religion
  • family traditions
  • cultural traditions
  • social status
  • peer pressure
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6
Q

hypoglycaemia

A

low level of glucose in the blood

-brain function might be distrupted leading to unconciousness and eventually brain damage

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7
Q

hyperglycaemia

A

high lvl of glucose in the blood.

-can lead to diabetes. Can damage blood vessels and organs they supply

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8
Q

mole

A

unit of measurement. Amount of any chemical substance that contain 6.022x10(23) of individual mole or ions

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9
Q

2 hormones responsible for blood glucose regulation

A

insulin, glucagon

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10
Q

hormones and organs responsible for it

A
  • pituitary gland - vasopressin
  • thyroid gland - thyroxin
  • pancrease- glucagon, insulin
  • testes- testosteron
  • ovaries- oestrogen
  • suprarenal gland- cortisol, epinephrine
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11
Q

4 body processes we need hormones for

A
  • digestion
  • metabolism
  • growth
  • reproduction
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12
Q

homeostasis

A

ability to keep body stable

  • temperature
  • blood glucose
  • ph
  • oxygen concentration
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13
Q

negative feedback and example

A

change in condition cause the body to react in a way that opposes the change and returns condition to optimum level

inhibits the change

body temperature low—> shiering—> body temoerature rise

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14
Q

positive feedback and its example

A

change from normal condition amplifies the change.
lactation
baby sucks on nipple and signals are send for milk production

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15
Q

where in the body hunger and satiety and thirst is regulated

A

hypothalamus

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16
Q

what signal is produced in stomach when hungry or full

A

ghrelin and stretch receptors

17
Q

hormone from fatty tissues about satiety

18
Q

how hormones communicate

A

by binding to receptors on their target cell

19
Q

gene

A

short section of genetic material DNA. Encode the amino acid sequence of particular protein

20
Q

genetic

A

study of genes

21
Q

alleles

A

1 or several different forms of the same gene.

each person inherits a different combination of alleles that determines unique characteristic

22
Q

psychological influance on eating behaviour (6)

A
  • visual cue
  • sense of smell
  • image of food
  • thinking about food
  • attending social events
  • watching tv
23
Q

classical conditioning bell example

A

e.g bell can come to trigger salvation in dog if it is repeatedly presented at the time food is given

24
Q

operant conditioning

A

form of conditioning in which likelyhood of specific behaviour is increased or decreased through + or - reinformcment each time behaviour is exhibited

25
metaanalysis
type of statistical analysis that combines and contrast result from all available reasearch studies on topic
26
comorbity
medical condition that occurs at the same time as another medical condition. diabetes a comorbity with obesity
27
relative risk
compares relatrive likelyhood of an event like developing diseases for people who have been exposed to risk factors compared to people who have not
28
absolute risk
probability of an even occuring (developing disease) over particular time
29
how to count relative risk factor
f.e smoker's risk/non smoker risk = 10%/2%= 5- smokers are 5 times likely to develop lung cancer than non smoker smoker risk 10in100=10% non smoker risk 2in 100=2%
30
% of fat distribution in the body and which one is risky?
10%- visceral fat. - RISKY | 90%- subcutaneous fat
31
why visceral fat is dangerous
because it produces hormones and other molecules that increase diseases risk
32
what hormones and molecules visceral fat produces
oestrogen insulin angiotensin cytokines
33
what oestrogen and insulin can stimulate
can stimulate growth and proliferation of cancer
34
what angiotensin is responsible for
causing blood vessels to constrict and increase the risk of increased blood pressure, stroke, heart attack
35
what cytokines molecules do
can trigger inflammation leading to damaged organs and tissues
36
metabolic syndrome
medical term for combination of obesity and high blood pressure and high blood glucose
37
diabetes type 1
autoimmune diseases body attack its own cells | body's immune system attacks the beta cells of pancreas destroying the body's ability to make insulin
38
diabetes type 2
beta cells still working but tissues that normally respond to isulin hormone by taking more glucose become resistant to insulin signals
39
symptoms of diabetes (7)
``` blurred vision thirst tiredness weight loss urination slow healing thrush and genital itching ```