section 8

Question 1

factors affecting food choices

Answer 1

• physiological
• psychological
• environmental
• social

Question 2

physiological factors affecting food choices

Answer 2

• hunger
• satiety
• metabolism

Question 3

psychological factors affecting food choices

Answer 3

• habit
• preference
• mood

Question 4

environmental factors affecting food choices

Answer 4

• availability
• affordability
• convenience
• cooking skills
• access
• education
• advertising

Question 5

social factors

Answer 5

• social norms
• religion
• family traditions
• cultural traditions
• social status
• peer pressure

Question 6

hypoglycaemia

Answer 6

low level of glucose in the blood

-brain function might be distrupted leading to unconciousness and eventually brain damage

Question 7

hyperglycaemia

Answer 7

high lvl of glucose in the blood.

-can lead to diabetes. Can damage blood vessels and organs they supply

Question 8

mole

Answer 8

unit of measurement. Amount of any chemical substance that contain 6.022x10(23) of individual mole or ions

Question 9

2 hormones responsible for blood glucose regulation

Answer 9

insulin, glucagon

Question 10

hormones and organs responsible for it

Answer 10

• pituitary gland - vasopressin
• thyroid gland - thyroxin
• pancrease- glucagon, insulin
• testes- testosteron
• ovaries- oestrogen
• suprarenal gland- cortisol, epinephrine

Question 11

4 body processes we need hormones for

Answer 11

• digestion
• metabolism
• growth
• reproduction

Question 12

homeostasis

Answer 12

ability to keep body stable

• temperature
• blood glucose
• ph
• oxygen concentration

Question 13

negative feedback and example

Answer 13

change in condition cause the body to react in a way that opposes the change and returns condition to optimum level

inhibits the change

body temperature low—> shiering—> body temoerature rise

Question 14

positive feedback and its example

Answer 14

change from normal condition amplifies the change.
lactation
baby sucks on nipple and signals are send for milk production

Question 15

where in the body hunger and satiety and thirst is regulated

Answer 15

hypothalamus

Question 16

what signal is produced in stomach when hungry or full

Answer 16

ghrelin and stretch receptors

Question 17

hormone from fatty tissues about satiety

Answer 17

leptin

Question 18

how hormones communicate

Answer 18

by binding to receptors on their target cell

Question 19

gene

Answer 19

short section of genetic material DNA. Encode the amino acid sequence of particular protein

Question 20

genetic

Answer 20

study of genes

Question 21

alleles

Answer 21

1 or several different forms of the same gene.

each person inherits a different combination of alleles that determines unique characteristic

Question 22

psychological influance on eating behaviour (6)

Answer 22

• visual cue
• sense of smell
• image of food
• thinking about food
• attending social events
• watching tv

Question 23

classical conditioning bell example

Answer 23

e.g bell can come to trigger salvation in dog if it is repeatedly presented at the time food is given

Question 24

operant conditioning

Answer 24

form of conditioning in which likelyhood of specific behaviour is increased or decreased through + or - reinformcment each time behaviour is exhibited

Question 25

metaanalysis

Answer 25

type of statistical analysis that combines and contrast result from all available reasearch studies on topic

Question 26

comorbity

Answer 26

medical condition that occurs at the same time as another medical condition. diabetes a comorbity with obesity

Question 27

relative risk

Answer 27

compares relatrive likelyhood of an event like developing diseases for people who have been exposed to risk factors compared to people who have not

Question 28

absolute risk

Answer 28

probability of an even occuring (developing disease) over particular time

Question 29

how to count relative risk factor

Answer 29

f.e smoker's risk/non smoker risk = 10%/2%= 5- smokers are 5 times likely to develop lung cancer than non smoker smoker risk 10in100=10% non smoker risk 2in 100=2%

Question 30

% of fat distribution in the body and which one is risky?

Answer 30

10%- visceral fat. - RISKY | 90%- subcutaneous fat

Question 31

why visceral fat is dangerous

Answer 31

because it produces hormones and other molecules that increase diseases risk

Question 32

what hormones and molecules visceral fat produces

Answer 32

oestrogen insulin angiotensin cytokines

Question 33

what oestrogen and insulin can stimulate

Answer 33

can stimulate growth and proliferation of cancer

Question 34

what angiotensin is responsible for

Answer 34

causing blood vessels to constrict and increase the risk of increased blood pressure, stroke, heart attack

Question 35

what cytokines molecules do

Answer 35

can trigger inflammation leading to damaged organs and tissues

Question 36

metabolic syndrome

Answer 36

medical term for combination of obesity and high blood pressure and high blood glucose

Question 37

diabetes type 1

Answer 37

autoimmune diseases body attack its own cells | body's immune system attacks the beta cells of pancreas destroying the body's ability to make insulin

Question 38

diabetes type 2

Answer 38

beta cells still working but tissues that normally respond to isulin hormone by taking more glucose become resistant to insulin signals

Question 39

symptoms of diabetes (7)

Answer 39

``` blurred vision thirst tiredness weight loss urination slow healing thrush and genital itching ```