Section 6 Flashcards
Digestive track function
Food passes and is absorbed
digestive system organs
- salivary glands
- mouth
- oesophagus
- liver
- stomach
- gall bladder
- pancreas
- duodenum
- jejunum
- ileum
- ileocecal
- ascending colon
- transverse colon
- descending colon
- sigmoid colon
- rectum
- anus
enzymes
protein that act as catalyst. speeding up processes
what else apart enzymes speeds up processes in the body? and why is it not used all the time?
heat. not used because could damage living cell therefore enzymes are good alternative.
describe enzyme binding, and an example.
works like pac-man. each enzyme look like the pac man and it binds to substrate specifically shaped to fit the enzyme.
lactose - lactase
all enzymes have specific ending what is it?
-ase
what does it mean when enzyme is denaturated and what can cause it?
they start to unfold loosing their 3 dimensional shape.
very high temperature can make enzyme denaturated
3 different enzymes that breakdown food
protease
amylase
lipase
epiglottis
flap that closes off windpipe of trachea when food is swallowed
sphincter
lower oesophageal.
Relaxes to allow food yo go into stomach. Prevents stomach content to go back up causing heartburn
what’s stomach wall called
rugae
food becomes liquid in the stomach called…
chyme
what makes stomach acidic? and what does it do?
hydrochloric acid
- inhibit growth of bacteria
- denature proteins. Start to unfold them
how acid is charged
positively charged hydrogen ions
how alkalis are charged
negatively charged hydroxide ions
where most of digestion is completed?
duodenum
what does liver and pancrease produce. and where is it stored?
bile. in gall bladder
pancreas
secreates digestive juices into duodenum through pancreastic duct.
Secreates regulatory hormones like insulin and glucagon into bloodstream
jejunum
where most molecules released by digestion are absored.
ileum
responsible for the b12 and bile salt absorption also absorption of the rest of the product that hasn’t been digested earlier.
what each villi has
microvilli
